Mercurial > hg > octave-lyh
annotate scripts/specfun/legendre.m @ 14207:57e3490094e1
Fix order of legend entries for plotyy. Bug # 35314.
* legend.m: Maintain the proper order of children for plotyy. Add demos.
author | Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com> |
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date | Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:30:06 -0500 |
parents | 72c96de7a403 |
children | 4d917a6a858b |
rev | line source |
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1 ## Copyright (C) 2000-2012 Kai Habel |
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2 ## Copyright (C) 2008 Marco Caliari |
5827 | 3 ## |
4 ## This file is part of Octave. | |
5 ## | |
6 ## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
7 ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
7016 | 8 ## the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at |
9 ## your option) any later version. | |
5827 | 10 ## |
11 ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
12 ## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
13 ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
14 ## General Public License for more details. | |
15 ## | |
16 ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
7016 | 17 ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see |
18 ## <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
5827 | 19 |
20 ## -*- texinfo -*- | |
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21 ## @deftypefn {Function File} {@var{l} =} legendre (@var{n}, @var{x}) |
7508 | 22 ## @deftypefnx {Function File} {@var{l} =} legendre (@var{n}, @var{x}, @var{normalization}) |
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23 ## Compute the Legendre function of degree @var{n} and order |
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24 ## @var{m} = 0 @dots{} N@. The optional argument, @var{normalization}, |
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25 ## may be one of @code{"unnorm"}, @code{"sch"}, or @code{"norm"}. |
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26 ## The default is @code{"unnorm"}. The value of @var{n} must be a |
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27 ## non-negative scalar integer. |
7508 | 28 ## |
29 ## If the optional argument @var{normalization} is missing or is | |
30 ## @code{"unnorm"}, compute the Legendre function of degree @var{n} and | |
31 ## order @var{m} and return all values for @var{m} = 0 @dots{} @var{n}. | |
32 ## The return value has one dimension more than @var{x}. | |
5827 | 33 ## |
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34 ## The Legendre Function of degree @var{n} and order @var{m}: |
5827 | 35 ## |
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36 ## @tex |
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37 ## $$ |
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38 ## P^m_n(x) = (-1)^m (1-x^2)^{m/2}{d^m\over {dx^m}}P_n (x) |
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39 ## $$ |
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40 ## @end tex |
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41 ## @ifnottex |
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42 ## |
5827 | 43 ## @example |
44 ## @group | |
45 ## m m 2 m/2 d^m | |
46 ## P(x) = (-1) * (1-x ) * ---- P (x) | |
47 ## n dx^m n | |
48 ## @end group | |
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49 ## @end example |
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50 ## |
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51 ## @end ifnottex |
5827 | 52 ## |
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53 ## @noindent |
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54 ## with Legendre polynomial of degree @var{n}: |
5827 | 55 ## |
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56 ## @tex |
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57 ## $$ |
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58 ## P(x) = {1\over{2^n n!}}\biggl({d^n\over{dx^n}}(x^2 - 1)^n\biggr) |
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59 ## $$ |
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60 ## @end tex |
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61 ## @ifnottex |
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62 ## |
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63 ## @example |
5827 | 64 ## @group |
65 ## 1 d^n 2 n | |
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66 ## P (x) = ------ [----(x - 1) ] |
5827 | 67 ## n 2^n n! dx^n |
68 ## @end group | |
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69 ## @end example |
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70 ## |
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71 ## @end ifnottex |
5827 | 72 ## |
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73 ## @noindent |
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74 ## @code{legendre (3, [-1.0, -0.9, -0.8])} returns the matrix: |
5827 | 75 ## |
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76 ## @example |
5827 | 77 ## @group |
78 ## x | -1.0 | -0.9 | -0.8 | |
79 ## ------------------------------------ | |
80 ## m=0 | -1.00000 | -0.47250 | -0.08000 | |
81 ## m=1 | 0.00000 | -1.99420 | -1.98000 | |
82 ## m=2 | 0.00000 | -2.56500 | -4.32000 | |
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83 ## m=3 | 0.00000 | -1.24229 | -3.24000 |
5827 | 84 ## @end group |
85 ## @end example | |
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86 ## |
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87 ## If the optional argument @code{normalization} is @code{"sch"}, |
7508 | 88 ## compute the Schmidt semi-normalized associated Legendre function. |
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89 ## The Schmidt semi-normalized associated Legendre function is related |
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90 ## to the unnormalized Legendre functions by the following: |
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91 ## |
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92 ## For Legendre functions of degree n and order 0: |
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93 ## |
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94 ## @tex |
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95 ## $$ |
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96 ## SP^0_n (x) = P^0_n (x) |
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97 ## $$ |
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98 ## @end tex |
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99 ## @ifnottex |
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100 ## |
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101 ## @example |
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102 ## @group |
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103 ## 0 0 |
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104 ## SP (x) = P (x) |
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105 ## n n |
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106 ## @end group |
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107 ## @end example |
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108 ## |
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109 ## @end ifnottex |
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110 ## |
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111 ## For Legendre functions of degree n and order m: |
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112 ## |
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113 ## @tex |
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114 ## $$ |
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115 ## SP^m_n (x) = P^m_n (x)(-1)^m\biggl({2(n-m)!\over{(n+m)!}}\biggl)^{0.5} |
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116 ## $$ |
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117 ## @end tex |
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118 ## @ifnottex |
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119 ## |
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120 ## @example |
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121 ## @group |
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122 ## m m m 2(n-m)! 0.5 |
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123 ## SP (x) = P (x) * (-1) * [-------] |
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124 ## n n (n+m)! |
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125 ## @end group |
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126 ## @end example |
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127 ## |
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128 ## @end ifnottex |
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129 ## |
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130 ## If the optional argument @var{normalization} is @code{"norm"}, |
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132 ## The fully normalized associated Legendre function is related |
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133 ## to the unnormalized Legendre functions by the following: |
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134 ## |
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135 ## For Legendre functions of degree @var{n} and order @var{m} |
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136 ## |
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137 ## @tex |
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138 ## $$ |
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139 ## NP^m_n (x) = P^m_n (x)(-1)^m\biggl({(n+0.5)(n-m)!\over{(n+m)!}}\biggl)^{0.5} |
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140 ## $$ |
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141 ## @end tex |
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142 ## @ifnottex |
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143 ## |
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144 ## @example |
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145 ## @group |
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146 ## m m m (n+0.5)(n-m)! 0.5 |
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147 ## NP (x) = P (x) * (-1) * [-------------] |
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148 ## n n (n+m)! |
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149 ## @end group |
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150 ## @end example |
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151 ## |
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152 ## @end ifnottex |
5827 | 153 ## @end deftypefn |
154 | |
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155 ## Author: Marco Caliari <marco.caliari@univr.it> |
5827 | 156 |
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157 function retval = legendre (n, x, normalization) |
5827 | 158 |
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159 persistent warned_overflow = false; |
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160 |
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161 if (nargin < 2 || nargin > 3) |
5827 | 162 print_usage (); |
163 endif | |
164 | |
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165 if (!isscalar (n) || n < 0 || n != fix (n)) |
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166 error ("legendre: N must be a non-negative scalar integer"); |
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167 endif |
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168 |
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169 if (!isreal (x) || any (x(:) < -1 | x(:) > 1)) |
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170 error ("legendre: X must be real-valued vector in the range -1 <= X <= 1"); |
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171 endif |
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172 |
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173 if (nargin == 3) |
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174 normalization = lower (normalization); |
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175 else |
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176 normalization = "unnorm"; |
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177 endif |
5827 | 178 |
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179 switch (normalization) |
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180 case "norm" |
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181 scale = sqrt (n+0.5); |
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182 case "sch" |
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183 scale = sqrt (2); |
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184 case "unnorm" |
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185 scale = 1; |
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186 otherwise |
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187 error ('legendre: expecting NORMALIZATION option to be "norm", "sch", or "unnorm"'); |
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188 endswitch |
5827 | 189 |
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190 scale = scale * ones (size (x)); |
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191 |
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192 ## Based on the recurrence relation below |
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193 ## m m m |
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194 ## (n-m+1) * P (x) = (2*n+1)*x*P (x) - (n+1)*P (x) |
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195 ## n+1 n n-1 |
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196 ## http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Legendre_function |
5827 | 197 |
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198 overflow = false; |
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199 retval = zeros([n+1, size(x)]); |
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200 for m = 1:n |
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201 lpm1 = scale; |
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202 lpm2 = (2*m-1) .* x .* scale; |
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203 lpm3 = lpm2; |
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204 for k = m+1:n |
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205 lpm3a = (2*k-1) .* x .* lpm2; |
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206 lpm3b = (k+m-2) .* lpm1; |
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207 lpm3 = (lpm3a - lpm3b)/(k-m+1); |
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208 lpm1 = lpm2; |
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209 lpm2 = lpm3; |
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210 if (! warned_overflow) |
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211 if (any (abs (lpm3a) > realmax) |
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212 || any (abs (lpm3b) > realmax) |
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213 || any (abs (lpm3) > realmax)) |
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214 overflow = true; |
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215 endif |
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216 endif |
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217 endfor |
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218 retval(m,:) = lpm3(:); |
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219 if (strcmp (normalization, "unnorm")) |
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220 scale = -scale * (2*m-1); |
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221 else |
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222 ## normalization == "sch" or normalization == "norm" |
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223 scale = scale / sqrt ((n-m+1)*(n+m))*(2*m-1); |
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224 endif |
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225 scale = scale .* sqrt(1-x.^2); |
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226 endfor |
5827 | 227 |
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228 retval(n+1,:) = scale(:); |
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229 |
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230 if (isvector (x)) |
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231 ## vector case is special |
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232 retval = reshape (retval, n + 1, length (x)); |
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233 endif |
5827 | 234 |
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235 if (strcmp (normalization, "sch")) |
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236 retval(1,:) = retval(1,:) / sqrt (2); |
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237 endif |
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238 |
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239 if (overflow && ! warned_overflow) |
8664 | 240 warning ("legendre: overflow - results may be unstable for high orders"); |
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241 warned_overflow = true; |
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242 endif |
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243 |
5827 | 244 endfunction |
245 | |
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246 |
5827 | 247 %!test |
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248 %! result = legendre (3, [-1.0 -0.9 -0.8]); |
5827 | 249 %! expected = [ |
250 %! -1.00000 -0.47250 -0.08000 | |
251 %! 0.00000 -1.99420 -1.98000 | |
252 %! 0.00000 -2.56500 -4.32000 | |
253 %! 0.00000 -1.24229 -3.24000 | |
254 %! ]; | |
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255 %! assert (result, expected, 1e-5); |
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256 |
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257 %!test |
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258 %! result = legendre (3, [-1.0 -0.9 -0.8], "sch"); |
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259 %! expected = [ |
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260 %! -1.00000 -0.47250 -0.08000 |
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261 %! 0.00000 0.81413 0.80833 |
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262 %! -0.00000 -0.33114 -0.55771 |
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263 %! 0.00000 0.06547 0.17076 |
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264 %! ]; |
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265 %! assert (result, expected, 1e-5); |
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266 |
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267 %!test |
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268 %! result = legendre (3, [-1.0 -0.9 -0.8], "norm"); |
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269 %! expected = [ |
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270 %! -1.87083 -0.88397 -0.14967 |
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271 %! 0.00000 1.07699 1.06932 |
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272 %! -0.00000 -0.43806 -0.73778 |
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273 %! 0.00000 0.08661 0.22590 |
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274 %! ]; |
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275 %! assert (result, expected, 1e-5); |
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276 |
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277 %!test |
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278 %! result = legendre (151, 0); |
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279 %! ## Don't compare to "-Inf" since it would fail on 64 bit systems. |
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280 %! assert (result(end) < -1.7976e308 && all (isfinite (result(1:end-1)))); |
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281 |
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282 %!test |
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283 %! result = legendre (150, 0); |
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284 %! ## This agrees with Matlab's result. |
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285 %! assert (result(end), 3.7532741115719e+306, 0.0000000000001e+306); |
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286 |
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287 %!test |
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288 %! result = legendre (0, 0:0.1:1); |
12893
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289 %! assert (result, full(ones(1,11))); |
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290 |
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291 %!test |
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292 %! result = legendre (3, [-1,0,1;1,0,-1]); |
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293 %! ## Test matrix input |
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294 %! expected(:,:,1) = [-1,1;0,0;0,0;0,0]; |
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295 %! expected(:,:,2) = [0,0;1.5,1.5;0,0;-15,-15]; |
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296 %! expected(:,:,3) = [1,-1;0,0;0,0;0,0]; |
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297 %! assert (result, expected); |
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298 |
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299 %!test |
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300 %! result = legendre (3, [-1,0,1;1,0,-1]'); |
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301 %! expected(:,:,1) = [-1,0,1;0,1.5,0;0,0,0;0,-15,0]; |
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302 %! expected(:,:,2) = [1,0,-1;0,1.5,0;0,0,0;0,-15,0]; |
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303 %! assert (result, expected); |
10672
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legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com>
parents:
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304 |
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parents:
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305 %% Check correct invocation |
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306 %!error legendre (); |
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parents:
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307 %!error legendre (1); |
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legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
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parents:
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308 %!error legendre (1,2,3,4); |
1cd7c39a96ee
legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com>
parents:
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309 %!error legendre ([1, 2], [-1, 0, 1]); |
1cd7c39a96ee
legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
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parents:
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310 %!error legendre (-1, [-1, 0, 1]); |
1cd7c39a96ee
legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com>
parents:
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311 %!error legendre (1.1, [-1, 0, 1]); |
1cd7c39a96ee
legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com>
parents:
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312 %!error legendre (1, [-1+i, 0, 1]); |
1cd7c39a96ee
legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com>
parents:
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313 %!error legendre (1, [-2, 0, 1]); |
1cd7c39a96ee
legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com>
parents:
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314 %!error legendre (1, [-1, 0, 2]); |
1cd7c39a96ee
legendre.m: Orient row vector correctly (bug #29997).
Rik <octave@nomad.inbox5.com>
parents:
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315 %!error legendre (1, [-1, 0, 1], "badnorm"); |