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1 @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) |
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2 @c @setfilename rluser.info |
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3 @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) |
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4 @c @setchapternewpage odd |
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5 |
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6 @ignore |
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7 This file documents the end user interface to the GNU command line |
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8 editing features. It is to be an appendix to manuals for programs which |
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9 use these features. There is a document entitled "readline.texinfo" |
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10 which contains both end-user and programmer documentation for the GNU |
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11 Readline Library. |
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12 |
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13 Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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14 |
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15 Authored by Brian Fox. |
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16 |
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17 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the |
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18 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice |
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19 identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this |
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20 paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). |
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21 |
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22 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual |
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23 provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on |
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24 all copies. |
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25 |
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26 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this |
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27 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the |
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28 GNU Copyright statement is available to the distributee, and provided that |
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29 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a |
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30 permission notice identical to this one. |
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31 |
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32 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual |
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33 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. |
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34 @end ignore |
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35 |
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36 @node Command Line Editing, Using Info, Trouble, Top |
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37 @appendix Command Line Editing |
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38 |
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39 This text describes GNU's command line editing interface. It is |
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40 relatively old and may not be entirely correct now. Please send a |
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41 message to @code{bug-octave@@bevo.che.wisc.edu} if you find any errors. |
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42 @xref{Reporting Bugs}, for more information about how to report bugs. |
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43 |
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44 @menu |
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45 * Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text. |
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46 * Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line. |
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47 * Readline Bare Essentials:: |
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48 * Readline Movement Commands:: |
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49 * Readline Killing Commands:: |
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50 * Readline Arguments:: |
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51 * Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view. |
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52 * Readline Init Syntax:: |
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53 * Readline Vi Mode:: |
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54 @end menu |
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55 |
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56 @node Introduction and Notation, Readline Interaction, Command Line Editing, Command Line Editing |
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57 @appendixsec Introduction to Line Editing |
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58 |
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59 The following paragraphs describe the notation we use to represent |
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60 keystrokes. |
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61 |
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62 The text @key{C-k} is read as `Control-K' and describes the character |
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63 produced when the Control key is depressed and the @key{k} key is struck. |
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64 |
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65 The text @key{M-k} is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character |
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66 produced when the meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the @key{k} |
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67 key is struck. If you do not have a meta key, the identical keystroke |
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68 can be generated by typing @key{ESC} @i{first}, and then typing @key{k}. |
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69 Either process is known as @dfn{metafying} the @key{k} key. |
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70 |
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71 The text @key{M-C-k} is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the |
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72 character produced by @dfn{metafying} @key{C-k}. |
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73 |
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74 In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, |
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75 @key{DEL}, @key{ESC}, @key{LFD}, @key{SPC}, @key{RET}, and @key{TAB} all |
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76 stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file |
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77 (@pxref{Readline Init File}, for more info). |
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78 |
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79 @node Readline Interaction, Readline Bare Essentials, Introduction and Notation, Command Line Editing |
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80 @appendixsec Readline Interaction |
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81 @cindex interaction, readline |
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82 |
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83 Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, |
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84 only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The |
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85 Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text |
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86 as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing |
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87 you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, |
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88 you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or |
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89 insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with |
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90 the line, you simply press @key{RETURN}. You do not have to be at the |
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91 end of the line to press @key{RETURN}; the entire line is accepted |
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92 regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. |
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93 |
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94 @menu |
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95 * Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline. |
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96 * Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line. |
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97 * Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back! |
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98 * Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands. |
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99 @end menu |
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100 |
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101 @node Readline Bare Essentials, Readline Movement Commands, Readline Interaction, Command Line Editing |
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102 @appendixsec Readline Bare Essentials |
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103 |
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104 In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed |
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105 character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one |
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106 space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use @key{DEL} to |
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107 back up, and delete the mistyped character. |
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108 |
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109 Sometimes you may miss typing a character that you wanted to type, and |
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110 not notice your error until you have typed several other characters. In |
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111 that case, you can type @key{C-b} to move the cursor to the left, and then |
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112 correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right |
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113 with @key{C-f}. |
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114 |
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115 When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters |
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116 to the right of the cursor get `pushed over' to make room for the text |
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117 that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, |
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118 characters to the right of the cursor get `pulled back' to fill in the |
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119 blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the basic bare |
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120 essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. |
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121 |
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122 @table @asis |
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123 @item @key{C-b} |
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124 Move back one character. |
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125 @item @key{C-f} |
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126 Move forward one character. |
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127 @item @key{DEL} |
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128 Delete the character to the left of the cursor. |
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129 @item @key{C-d} |
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130 Delete the character underneath the cursor. |
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131 @item @w{Printing characters} |
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132 Insert itself into the line at the cursor. |
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133 @item @key{C-_} |
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134 Undo the last thing that you did. You can undo all the way back to an |
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135 empty line. |
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136 @end table |
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137 |
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138 @node Readline Movement Commands, Readline Killing Commands, Readline Bare Essentials, Command Line Editing |
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139 @appendixsec Readline Movement Commands |
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140 |
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141 |
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142 The above table describes the most basic possible keystrokes that you need |
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143 in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many |
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144 other commands have been added in addition to @key{C-b}, @key{C-f}, |
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145 @key{C-d}, and @key{DEL}. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly |
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146 about the line. |
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147 |
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148 @table @key |
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149 @item C-a |
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150 Move to the start of the line. |
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151 @item C-e |
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152 Move to the end of the line. |
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153 @item M-f |
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154 Move forward a word. |
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155 @item M-b |
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156 Move backward a word. |
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157 @item C-l |
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158 Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. |
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159 @end table |
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160 |
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161 Notice how @key{C-f} moves forward a character, while @key{M-f} moves |
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162 forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes |
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163 operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. |
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164 |
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165 @node Readline Killing Commands, Readline Arguments, Readline Movement Commands, Command Line Editing |
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166 @appendixsec Readline Killing Commands |
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167 |
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168 @dfn{Killing} text means to delete the text from the line, but to save |
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169 it away for later use, usually by @dfn{yanking} it back into the line. |
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170 If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can |
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171 be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) |
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172 place later. |
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173 |
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174 Here is the list of commands for killing text. |
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175 |
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176 @table @key |
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177 @item C-k |
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178 Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. |
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179 |
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180 @item M-d |
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181 Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between |
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182 words, to the end of the next word. |
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183 |
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184 @item M-DEL |
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185 Kill from the cursor to the start of the previous word, or if between |
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186 words, to the start of the previous word. |
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187 |
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188 @item C-w |
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189 Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than |
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190 @key{M-DEL} because the word boundaries differ. |
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191 |
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192 @end table |
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193 |
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194 And, here is how to @dfn{yank} the text back into the line. Yanking |
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195 is |
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196 |
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197 @table @key |
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198 @item C-y |
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199 Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. |
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200 |
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201 @item M-y |
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202 Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if |
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203 the prior command is @key{C-y} or @key{M-y}. |
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204 @end table |
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205 |
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206 When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a @dfn{kill-ring}. |
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207 Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so |
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208 that when you yank it back, you get it in one clean sweep. The kill |
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209 ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously |
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210 typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing |
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211 another line. |
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212 |
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213 @node Readline Arguments, Readline Init File, Readline Killing Commands, Command Line Editing |
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214 @appendixsec Readline Arguments |
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215 |
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216 You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the |
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217 argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the @i{sign} of the |
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218 argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a |
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219 command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will |
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220 act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the |
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221 start of the line, you might type @key{M--} @key{C-k}. |
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222 |
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223 The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta |
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224 digits before the command. If the first `digit' you type is a minus |
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225 sign (@key{-}), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once |
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226 you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type |
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227 the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give |
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228 the @key{C-d} command an argument of 10, you could type @key{M-1 0 C-d}. |
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229 |
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230 |
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231 @node Readline Init File, Readline Init Syntax, Readline Arguments, Command Line Editing |
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232 @appendixsec Readline Init File |
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233 |
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234 Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like |
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235 keybindings, it is possible that you would like to use a different set |
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236 of keybindings. You can customize programs that use Readline by putting |
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237 commands in an @dfn{init} file in your home directory. The name of this |
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238 file is @file{~/.inputrc}. |
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239 |
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240 When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the |
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241 @file{~/.inputrc} file is read, and the keybindings are set. |
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242 |
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243 In addition, the @key{C-x C-r} command re-reads this init file, thus |
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244 incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. |
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245 |
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246 @menu |
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247 * Readline Init Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in @file{~/.inputrc}. |
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248 * Readline Vi Mode:: Switching to @code{vi} mode in Readline. |
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249 @end menu |
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250 |
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251 @node Readline Init Syntax, Readline Vi Mode, Readline Init File, Command Line Editing |
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252 @appendixsec Readline Init Syntax |
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253 |
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254 There are only four constructs allowed in the @file{~/.inputrc} |
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255 file: |
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256 |
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257 @table @asis |
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258 @item Variable Settings |
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259 You can change the state of a few variables in Readline. You do this by |
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260 using the @code{set} command within the init file. Here is how you |
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261 would specify that you wish to use Vi line editing commands: |
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262 |
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263 @example |
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264 set editing-mode vi |
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265 @end example |
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266 |
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267 Right now, there are only a few variables which can be set; so few in |
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268 fact, that we just iterate them here: |
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269 |
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270 @table @code |
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271 |
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272 @item editing-mode |
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273 @vindex editing-mode |
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274 The @code{editing-mode} variable controls which editing mode you are |
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275 using. By default, GNU Readline starts up in Emacs editing mode, where |
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276 the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can either be |
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277 set to @code{emacs} or @code{vi}. |
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278 |
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279 @item horizontal-scroll-mode |
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280 @vindex horizontal-scroll-mode |
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281 This variable can either be set to @code{On} or @code{Off}. Setting it |
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282 to @code{On} means that the text of the lines that you edit will scroll |
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283 horizontally on a single screen line when they are larger than the width |
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284 of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, |
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285 this variable is set to @code{Off}. |
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286 |
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287 @item mark-modified-lines |
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288 @vindex mark-modified-lines |
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289 This variable when set to @code{On}, says to display an asterisk |
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290 (@samp{*}) at the starts of history lines which have been modified. |
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291 This variable is off by default. |
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292 |
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293 @item prefer-visible-bell |
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294 @vindex prefer-visible-bell |
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295 If this variable is set to @code{On} it means to use a visible bell if |
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296 one is available, rather than simply ringing the terminal bell. By |
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297 default, the value is @code{Off}. |
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298 @end table |
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299 |
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300 @item Key Bindings |
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301 The syntax for controlling keybindings in the @file{~/.inputrc} file is |
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302 simple. First you have to know the @i{name} of the command that you |
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303 want to change. The following pages contain tables of the command name, |
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304 the default keybinding, and a short description of what the command |
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305 does. |
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306 |
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307 Once you know the name of the command, simply place the name of the key |
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308 you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the |
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309 command on a line in the @file{~/.inputrc} file. The name of the key |
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310 can be expressed in different ways, depending on which is most |
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311 comfortable for you. |
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312 |
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313 @table @asis |
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314 @item @w{@var{keyname}: @var{function-name} or @var{macro}} |
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315 @var{keyname} is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: |
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316 @example |
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317 Control-u: universal-argument |
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318 Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word |
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319 Control-o: ">&output" |
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320 @end example |
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321 |
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322 In the above example, @key{C-u} is bound to the function |
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323 @code{universal-argument}, and @key{C-o} is bound to run the macro |
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324 expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text |
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325 @samp{>&output} into the line). |
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326 |
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327 @item @w{"@var{keyseq}": @var{function-name} or @var{macro}} |
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328 @var{keyseq} differs from @var{keyname} above in that strings denoting |
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329 an entire key sequence can be specified. Simply place the key sequence |
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330 in double quotes. GNU Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the |
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331 following example: |
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332 |
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333 @example |
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334 "\C-u": universal-argument |
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335 "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file |
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336 "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" |
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337 @end example |
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338 |
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339 In the above example, @key{C-u} is bound to the function |
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340 @code{universal-argument} (just as it was in the first example), |
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341 @key{C-x C-r} is bound to the function @code{re-read-init-file}, and |
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342 @key{ESC [ 1 1 ~} is bound to insert the text @samp{Function Key 1}. |
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343 |
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344 @end table |
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345 @end table |
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346 |
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347 @menu |
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348 * Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line. |
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349 * Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines. |
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350 * Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text. |
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351 * Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking. |
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352 * Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts. |
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353 * Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you. |
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354 * Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands. |
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355 @end menu |
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356 |
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357 @node Commands For Moving, Commands For History, Readline Init Syntax, Readline Init Syntax |
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358 @appendixsubsec Commands For Moving |
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359 @ftable @code |
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360 @item beginning-of-line (@key{C-a}) |
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361 Move to the start of the current line. |
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362 |
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363 @item end-of-line (@key{C-e}) |
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364 Move to the end of the line. |
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365 |
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366 @item forward-char (@key{C-f}) |
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367 Move forward a character. |
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368 |
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369 @item backward-char (@key{C-b}) |
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370 Move back a character. |
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371 |
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372 @item forward-word (@key{M-f}) |
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373 Move forward to the end of the next word. |
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374 |
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375 @item backward-word (@key{M-b}) |
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376 Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. |
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377 |
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378 @item clear-screen (@key{C-l}) |
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379 Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen. |
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380 |
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381 @end ftable |
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382 |
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383 @node Commands For History, Commands For Text, Commands For Moving, Readline Init Syntax |
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384 @appendixsubsec Commands For Manipulating The History |
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385 |
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386 @ftable @code |
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387 @item accept-line (Newline, Return) |
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388 Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is |
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389 non-empty, add it to the history list. If this line was a history |
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390 line, then restore the history line to its original state. |
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391 |
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392 @item previous-history (@key{C-p}) |
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393 Move `up' through the history list. |
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394 |
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395 @item next-history (@key{C-n}) |
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396 Move `down' through the history list. |
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397 |
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398 @item beginning-of-history (@key{M-<}) |
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399 Move to the first line in the history. |
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400 |
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401 @item end-of-history (@key{M->}) |
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402 Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line you are entering! |
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403 |
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404 @item reverse-search-history (@key{C-r}) |
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405 Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through |
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406 the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. |
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407 |
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408 @item forward-search-history (@key{C-s}) |
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409 Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through |
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410 the the history as necessary. |
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411 |
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412 @end ftable |
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413 |
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414 @node Commands For Text, Commands For Killing, Commands For History, Readline Init Syntax |
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415 @appendixsubsec Commands For Changing Text |
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416 |
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417 @ftable @code |
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418 @item delete-char (@key{C-d}) |
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419 Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the |
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420 beginning of the line, and there are no characters in the line, and |
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421 the last character typed was not @key{C-d}, then return EOF. |
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422 |
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423 @item backward-delete-char (Rubout) |
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424 Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric arg says to kill |
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425 the characters instead of deleting them. |
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426 |
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427 @item quoted-insert (@key{C-q}, @key{C-v}) |
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428 Add the next character that you type to the line verbatim. This is |
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429 how to insert things like @key{C-q} for example. |
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430 |
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431 @item tab-insert (@key{M-TAB}) |
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432 Insert a tab character. |
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433 |
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434 @item self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...) |
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435 Insert yourself. |
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436 |
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437 @item transpose-chars (@key{C-t}) |
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438 Drag the character before point forward over the character at point. |
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439 Point moves forward as well. If point is at the end of the line, then |
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440 transpose the two characters before point. Negative args don't work. |
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441 |
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442 @item transpose-words (@key{M-t}) |
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443 Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor |
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444 moving the cursor over that word as well. |
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445 |
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446 @item upcase-word (@key{M-u}) |
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447 Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, |
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448 do the previous word, but do not move point. |
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449 |
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450 @item downcase-word (@key{M-l}) |
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451 Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, |
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452 do the previous word, but do not move point. |
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453 |
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454 @item capitalize-word (@key{M-c}) |
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455 Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, |
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456 do the previous word, but do not move point. |
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457 |
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458 @end ftable |
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459 |
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460 @node Commands For Killing, Numeric Arguments, Commands For Text, Readline Init Syntax |
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461 @appendixsubsec Killing And Yanking |
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462 |
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463 @ftable @code |
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464 |
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465 @item kill-line (@key{C-k}) |
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466 Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. |
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467 |
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468 @item backward-kill-line () |
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469 Kill backward to the beginning of the line. This is normally unbound. |
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470 |
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471 @item kill-word (@key{M-d}) |
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472 Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between |
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473 words, to the end of the next word. |
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474 |
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475 @item backward-kill-word (@key{M-DEL}) |
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476 Kill the word behind the cursor. |
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477 |
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478 @item unix-line-discard (@key{C-u}) |
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479 Do what @key{C-u} used to do in Unix line input. We save the killed text on |
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480 the kill-ring, though. |
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481 |
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482 @item unix-word-rubout (@key{C-w}) |
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483 Do what @key{C-w} used to do in Unix line input. The killed text is saved |
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484 on the kill-ring. This is different than backward-kill-word because |
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485 the word boundaries differ. |
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486 |
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487 @item yank (@key{C-y}) |
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488 Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. |
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489 |
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490 @item yank-pop (@key{M-y}) |
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491 Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if |
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492 the prior command is yank or yank-pop. |
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493 @end ftable |
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494 |
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495 @node Numeric Arguments, Commands For Completion, Commands For Killing, Readline Init Syntax |
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496 @appendixsubsec Specifying Numeric Arguments |
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497 @ftable @code |
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|
498 |
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499 @item digit-argument (@key{M-0}, @key{M-1}, ... @key{M--}) |
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500 Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new |
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501 argument. @key{M--} starts a negative argument. |
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502 |
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503 @item universal-argument () |
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504 Do what @key{C-u} does in emacs. By default, this is not bound. |
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505 @end ftable |
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506 |
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|
507 |
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|
508 @node Commands For Completion, Miscellaneous Commands, Numeric Arguments, Readline Init Syntax |
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509 @appendixsubsec Letting Readline Type For You |
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510 |
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|
511 @ftable @code |
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512 @item complete (TAB) |
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|
513 Attempt to do completion on the text before point. This is |
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514 implementation defined. Generally, if you are typing a file name |
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|
515 argument, you can do file name completion; if you are typing a command, |
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|
516 you can do command completion, if you are typing in a symbol to GDB, you |
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517 can do symbol name completion, if you are typing in a variable to Bash, |
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|
518 you can do variable name completion... |
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519 |
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|
520 @item possible-completions (M-?) |
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|
521 List the possible completions of the text before point. |
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522 @end ftable |
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523 |
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524 @node Miscellaneous Commands, , Commands For Completion, Readline Init Syntax |
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|
525 @appendixsubsec Some Miscellaneous Commands |
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|
526 @ftable @code |
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527 |
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|
528 @item re-read-init-file (@key{C-x} @key{C-r}) |
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|
529 Read in the contents of your @file{~/.inputrc} file, and incorporate |
|
|
530 any bindings found there. |
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|
531 |
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|
532 @item abort (@key{C-g}) |
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|
533 Ding! Stops things. |
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534 |
|
|
535 @item do-uppercase-version (@key{M-a}, @key{M-b}, ...) |
|
|
536 Run the command that is bound to your uppercase brother. |
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|
537 |
|
|
538 @item prefix-meta (ESC) |
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|
539 Make the next character that you type be metafied. This is for people |
|
|
540 without a meta key. Typing @key{ESC f} is equivalent to typing |
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|
541 @key{M-f}. |
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542 |
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|
543 @item undo (@key{C-_}) |
|
|
544 Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. |
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|
545 |
|
|
546 @item revert-line (@key{M-r}) |
|
|
547 Undo all changes made to this line. This is like typing the `undo' |
|
|
548 command enough times to get back to the beginning. |
|
|
549 @end ftable |
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|
550 |
|
|
551 @node Readline Vi Mode, , Readline Init Syntax, Command Line Editing |
|
|
552 @appendixsec Readline Vi Mode |
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|
553 |
|
|
554 While the Readline library does not have a full set of Vi editing |
|
|
555 functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing of the line. |
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|
556 |
|
|
557 In order to switch interactively between Emacs and Vi editing modes, use |
|
|
558 the command @key{M-C-j} (toggle-editing-mode). |
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|
559 |
|
|
560 When you enter a line in Vi mode, you are already placed in `insertion' |
|
|
561 mode, as if you had typed an `i'. Pressing @key{ESC} switches you into |
|
|
562 `edit' mode, where you can edit the text of the line with the standard |
|
|
563 Vi movement keys, move to previous history lines with `k', and following |
|
|
564 lines with `j', and so forth. |
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|
565 |
