Mercurial > hg > octave-lyh
annotate scripts/optimization/fzero.m @ 17346:1c89599167a6
maint: End m-files with 1 blank line.
Simplifies automated grammarchecking script.
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scripts/plot/private/__uigetfile_fltk__.m,
scripts/plot/private/__uiobject_split_args__.m,
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scripts/statistics/tests/anova.m, scripts/statistics/tests/bartlett_test.m,
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scripts/statistics/tests/z_test_2.m, scripts/strings/strcat.m,
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scripts/testfun/__have_feature__.m, scripts/testfun/__printf_assert__.m,
scripts/testfun/__prog_output_assert__.m, scripts/testfun/__run_test_suite__.m,
scripts/time/clock.m, scripts/time/datenum.m, scripts/ui/errordlg.m,
scripts/ui/private/message_dialog.m: End m-files with 1 blank line.
author | Rik <rik@octave.org> |
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date | Wed, 28 Aug 2013 08:33:02 -0700 |
parents | bc924baa2c4e |
children |
rev | line source |
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1 ## Copyright (C) 2008-2012 VZLU Prague, a.s. |
8305 | 2 ## |
3 ## This file is part of Octave. | |
4 ## | |
5 ## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
6 ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
7 ## the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at | |
8 ## your option) any later version. | |
9 ## | |
10 ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
11 ## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
12 ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
13 ## General Public License for more details. | |
14 ## | |
15 ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
16 ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see | |
17 ## <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
18 ## | |
19 ## Author: Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com> | |
20 | |
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21 ## -*- texinfo -*- |
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22 ## @deftypefn {Function File} {} fzero (@var{fun}, @var{x0}) |
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23 ## @deftypefnx {Function File} {} fzero (@var{fun}, @var{x0}, @var{options}) |
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24 ## @deftypefnx {Function File} {[@var{x}, @var{fval}, @var{info}, @var{output}] =} fzero (@dots{}) |
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25 ## Find a zero of a univariate function. |
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26 ## |
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27 ## @var{fun} is a function handle, inline function, or string |
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28 ## containing the name of the function to evaluate. |
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29 ## @var{x0} should be a two-element vector specifying two points which |
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30 ## bracket a zero. In other words, there must be a change in sign of the |
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31 ## function between @var{x0}(1) and @var{x0}(2). More mathematically, the |
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32 ## following must hold |
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33 ## |
10470 | 34 ## @example |
35 ## sign (@var{fun}(@var{x0}(1))) * sign (@var{fun}(@var{x0}(2))) <= 0 | |
36 ## @end example | |
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37 ## |
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38 ## If @var{x0} is a single scalar then several nearby and distant |
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39 ## values are probed in an attempt to obtain a valid bracketing. If this |
10470 | 40 ## is not successful, the function fails. |
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41 ## @var{options} is a structure specifying additional options. |
10470 | 42 ## Currently, @code{fzero} |
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43 ## recognizes these options: @qcode{"FunValCheck"}, @qcode{"OutputFcn"}, |
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44 ## @qcode{"TolX"}, @qcode{"MaxIter"}, @qcode{"MaxFunEvals"}. |
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45 ## For a description of these options, see @ref{XREFoptimset,,optimset}. |
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46 ## |
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47 ## On exit, the function returns @var{x}, the approximate zero point |
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48 ## and @var{fval}, the function value thereof. |
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49 ## @var{info} is an exit flag that can have these values: |
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50 ## |
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51 ## @itemize |
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52 ## @item 1 |
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53 ## The algorithm converged to a solution. |
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54 ## |
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55 ## @item 0 |
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56 ## Maximum number of iterations or function evaluations has been reached. |
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57 ## |
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58 ## @item -1 |
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59 ## The algorithm has been terminated from user output function. |
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60 ## |
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61 ## @item -5 |
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62 ## The algorithm may have converged to a singular point. |
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63 ## @end itemize |
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64 ## |
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65 ## @var{output} is a structure containing runtime information about the |
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66 ## @code{fzero} algorithm. Fields in the structure are: |
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67 ## |
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68 ## @itemize |
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69 ## @item iterations |
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70 ## Number of iterations through loop. |
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71 ## |
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72 ## @item nfev |
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73 ## Number of function evaluations. |
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74 ## |
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75 ## @item bracketx |
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76 ## A two-element vector with the final bracketing of the zero along the x-axis. |
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77 ## |
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78 ## @item brackety |
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79 ## A two-element vector with the final bracketing of the zero along the y-axis. |
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80 ## @end itemize |
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81 ## @seealso{optimset, fsolve} |
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82 ## @end deftypefn |
8305 | 83 |
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84 ## This is essentially the ACM algorithm 748: Enclosing Zeros of |
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85 ## Continuous Functions due to Alefeld, Potra and Shi, ACM Transactions |
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86 ## on Mathematical Software, Vol. 21, No. 3, September 1995. Although |
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87 ## the workflow should be the same, the structure of the algorithm has |
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88 ## been transformed non-trivially; instead of the authors' approach of |
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89 ## sequentially calling building blocks subprograms we implement here a |
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90 ## FSM version using one interior point determination and one bracketing |
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91 ## per iteration, thus reducing the number of temporary variables and |
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92 ## simplifying the algorithm structure. Further, this approach reduces |
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93 ## the need for external functions and error handling. The algorithm has |
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94 ## also been slightly modified. |
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95 |
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96 ## PKG_ADD: ## Discard result to avoid polluting workspace with ans at startup. |
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97 ## PKG_ADD: [~] = __all_opts__ ("fzero"); |
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98 |
8305 | 99 function [x, fval, info, output] = fzero (fun, x0, options = struct ()) |
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100 |
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101 ## Get default options if requested. |
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102 if (nargin == 1 && ischar (fun) && strcmp (fun, 'defaults')) |
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103 x = optimset ("MaxIter", Inf, "MaxFunEvals", Inf, "TolX", 1e-8, |
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104 "OutputFcn", [], "FunValCheck", "off"); |
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105 return; |
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106 endif |
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107 |
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109 print_usage (); | |
110 endif | |
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111 |
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113 fun = str2func (fun, "global"); |
8305 | 114 endif |
115 | |
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116 ## TODO |
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117 ## displev = optimget (options, "Display", "notify"); |
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118 funvalchk = strcmpi (optimget (options, "FunValCheck", "off"), "on"); |
8305 | 119 outfcn = optimget (options, "OutputFcn"); |
10296 | 120 tolx = optimget (options, "TolX", 1e-8); |
8305 | 121 maxiter = optimget (options, "MaxIter", Inf); |
122 maxfev = optimget (options, "MaxFunEvals", Inf); | |
123 | |
124 persistent mu = 0.5; | |
125 | |
126 if (funvalchk) | |
8507 | 127 ## Replace fun with a guarded version. |
8305 | 128 fun = @(x) guarded_eval (fun, x); |
129 endif | |
130 | |
8507 | 131 ## The default exit flag if exceeded number of iterations. |
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132 info = 0; |
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133 niter = 0; |
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134 nfev = 0; |
8305 | 135 |
136 x = fval = a = fa = b = fb = NaN; | |
10296 | 137 eps = eps (class (x0)); |
8305 | 138 |
8507 | 139 ## Prepare... |
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140 a = x0(1); |
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141 fa = fun (a); |
8305 | 142 nfev = 1; |
143 if (length (x0) > 1) | |
144 b = x0(2); | |
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145 fb = fun (b); |
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146 nfev += 1; |
8305 | 147 else |
8507 | 148 ## Try to get b. |
8305 | 149 if (a == 0) |
150 aa = 1; | |
151 else | |
152 aa = a; | |
153 endif | |
154 for b = [0.9*aa, 1.1*aa, aa-1, aa+1, 0.5*aa 1.5*aa, -aa, 2*aa, -10*aa, 10*aa] | |
155 fb = fun (b); nfev += 1; | |
156 if (sign (fa) * sign (fb) <= 0) | |
157 break; | |
158 endif | |
159 endfor | |
160 endif | |
161 | |
162 if (b < a) | |
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163 u = a; |
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164 a = b; |
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165 b = u; |
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166 |
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167 fu = fa; |
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168 fa = fb; |
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169 fb = fu; |
8305 | 170 endif |
171 | |
172 if (! (sign (fa) * sign (fb) <= 0)) | |
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173 error ("fzero:bracket", "fzero: not a valid initial bracketing"); |
8305 | 174 endif |
175 | |
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176 slope0 = (fb - fa) / (b - a); |
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177 |
10470 | 178 if (fa == 0) |
179 b = a; | |
180 fb = fa; | |
181 elseif (fb == 0) | |
182 a = b; | |
183 fa = fb; | |
184 endif | |
185 | |
8305 | 186 itype = 1; |
187 | |
188 if (abs (fa) < abs (fb)) | |
189 u = a; fu = fa; | |
190 else | |
191 u = b; fu = fb; | |
192 endif | |
193 | |
194 d = e = u; | |
195 fd = fe = fu; | |
196 mba = mu*(b - a); | |
197 while (niter < maxiter && nfev < maxfev) | |
198 switch (itype) | |
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199 case 1 |
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200 ## The initial test. |
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201 if (b - a <= 2*(2 * abs (u) * eps + tolx)) |
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202 x = u; fval = fu; |
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203 info = 1; |
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204 break; |
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205 endif |
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206 if (abs (fa) <= 1e3*abs (fb) && abs (fb) <= 1e3*abs (fa)) |
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207 ## Secant step. |
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208 c = u - (a - b) / (fa - fb) * fu; |
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209 else |
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210 ## Bisection step. |
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211 c = 0.5*(a + b); |
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212 endif |
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213 d = u; fd = fu; |
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214 itype = 5; |
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215 case {2, 3} |
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216 l = length (unique ([fa, fb, fd, fe])); |
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217 if (l == 4) |
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218 ## Inverse cubic interpolation. |
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219 q11 = (d - e) * fd / (fe - fd); |
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220 q21 = (b - d) * fb / (fd - fb); |
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221 q31 = (a - b) * fa / (fb - fa); |
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222 d21 = (b - d) * fd / (fd - fb); |
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223 d31 = (a - b) * fb / (fb - fa); |
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224 q22 = (d21 - q11) * fb / (fe - fb); |
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225 q32 = (d31 - q21) * fa / (fd - fa); |
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226 d32 = (d31 - q21) * fd / (fd - fa); |
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227 q33 = (d32 - q22) * fa / (fe - fa); |
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228 c = a + q31 + q32 + q33; |
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229 endif |
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230 if (l < 4 || sign (c - a) * sign (c - b) > 0) |
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231 ## Quadratic interpolation + newton. |
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232 a0 = fa; |
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233 a1 = (fb - fa)/(b - a); |
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234 a2 = ((fd - fb)/(d - b) - a1) / (d - a); |
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235 ## Modification 1: this is simpler and does not seem to be worse. |
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236 c = a - a0/a1; |
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237 if (a2 != 0) |
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238 c = a - a0/a1; |
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239 for i = 1:itype |
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240 pc = a0 + (a1 + a2*(c - b))*(c - a); |
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241 pdc = a1 + a2*(2*c - a - b); |
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242 if (pdc == 0) |
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243 c = a - a0/a1; |
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244 break; |
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245 endif |
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246 c -= pc/pdc; |
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247 endfor |
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248 endif |
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249 endif |
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250 itype += 1; |
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251 case 4 |
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252 ## Double secant step. |
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253 c = u - 2*(b - a)/(fb - fa)*fu; |
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254 ## Bisect if too far. |
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255 if (abs (c - u) > 0.5*(b - a)) |
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256 c = 0.5 * (b + a); |
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257 endif |
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258 itype = 5; |
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259 case 5 |
8507 | 260 ## Bisection step. |
8305 | 261 c = 0.5 * (b + a); |
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262 itype = 2; |
8305 | 263 endswitch |
264 | |
8507 | 265 ## Don't let c come too close to a or b. |
8305 | 266 delta = 2*0.7*(2 * abs (u) * eps + tolx); |
267 if ((b - a) <= 2*delta) | |
268 c = (a + b)/2; | |
269 else | |
270 c = max (a + delta, min (b - delta, c)); | |
271 endif | |
272 | |
8507 | 273 ## Calculate new point. |
8305 | 274 x = c; |
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275 fval = fc = fun (c); |
8305 | 276 niter ++; nfev ++; |
277 | |
8507 | 278 ## Modification 2: skip inverse cubic interpolation if |
279 ## nonmonotonicity is detected. | |
8305 | 280 if (sign (fc - fa) * sign (fc - fb) >= 0) |
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281 ## The new point broke monotonicity. |
8507 | 282 ## Disable inverse cubic. |
8305 | 283 fe = fc; |
284 else | |
285 e = d; fe = fd; | |
286 endif | |
287 | |
8507 | 288 ## Bracketing. |
8305 | 289 if (sign (fa) * sign (fc) < 0) |
290 d = b; fd = fb; | |
291 b = c; fb = fc; | |
292 elseif (sign (fb) * sign (fc) < 0) | |
293 d = a; fd = fa; | |
294 a = c; fa = fc; | |
295 elseif (fc == 0) | |
296 a = b = c; fa = fb = fc; | |
297 info = 1; | |
298 break; | |
299 else | |
8507 | 300 ## This should never happen. |
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301 error ("fzero:bracket", "fzero: zero point is not bracketed"); |
8305 | 302 endif |
303 | |
8507 | 304 ## If there's an output function, use it now. |
8305 | 305 if (outfcn) |
10296 | 306 optv.funccount = nfev; |
8305 | 307 optv.fval = fval; |
308 optv.iteration = niter; | |
309 if (outfcn (x, optv, "iter")) | |
310 info = -1; | |
311 break; | |
312 endif | |
313 endif | |
314 | |
315 if (abs (fa) < abs (fb)) | |
316 u = a; fu = fa; | |
317 else | |
318 u = b; fu = fb; | |
319 endif | |
320 if (b - a <= 2*(2 * abs (u) * eps + tolx)) | |
321 info = 1; | |
322 break; | |
323 endif | |
324 | |
8507 | 325 ## Skip bisection step if successful reduction. |
8305 | 326 if (itype == 5 && (b - a) <= mba) |
327 itype = 2; | |
328 endif | |
329 if (itype == 2) | |
330 mba = mu * (b - a); | |
331 endif | |
332 endwhile | |
333 | |
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334 ## Check solution for a singularity by examining slope |
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335 if (info == 1) |
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336 if ((b - a) != 0 && abs ((fb - fa)/(b - a) / slope0) > max (1e6, 0.5/(eps+tolx))) |
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337 info = -5; |
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338 endif |
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339 endif |
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340 |
8305 | 341 output.iterations = niter; |
10296 | 342 output.funcCount = nfev; |
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343 output.bracketx = [a, b]; |
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344 output.brackety = [fa, fb]; |
8305 | 345 |
346 endfunction | |
347 | |
8507 | 348 ## An assistant function that evaluates a function handle and checks for |
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349 ## bad results. |
8305 | 350 function fx = guarded_eval (fun, x) |
351 fx = fun (x); | |
352 fx = fx(1); | |
353 if (! isreal (fx)) | |
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354 error ("fzero:notreal", "fzero: non-real value encountered"); |
8305 | 355 elseif (isnan (fx)) |
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356 error ("fzero:isnan", "fzero: NaN value encountered"); |
8305 | 357 endif |
358 endfunction | |
359 | |
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360 |
10296 | 361 %!shared opt0 |
362 %! opt0 = optimset ("tolx", 0); | |
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363 %!assert (fzero (@cos, [0, 3], opt0), pi/2, 10*eps) |
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364 %!assert (fzero (@(x) x^(1/3) - 1e-8, [0,1], opt0), 1e-24, 1e-22*eps) |
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365 |