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1 % Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton |
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2 % This is part of the Octave manual. |
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3 % For copying conditions, see the file gpl.texi. |
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4 |
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5 \input texinfo |
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6 @setfilename octave.info |
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7 |
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8 @c The following macro is used for the on-line help system, but we don't |
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9 @c want lots of `See also: foo, bar, and baz' strings cluttering the |
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10 @c printed manual (that information should be in the supporting text for |
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11 @c each group of functions and variables). |
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12 |
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13 @macro seealso {args} |
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14 @sp 1 |
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15 @noindent |
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16 See also: \args\. |
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17 @end macro |
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18 |
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19 @ifinfo |
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20 @format |
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21 START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
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22 * Octave: (octave). Interactive language for numerical computations. |
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23 END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY |
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24 @end format |
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25 @end ifinfo |
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26 |
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27 @c Settings for printing on 8-1/2 by 11 inch paper: |
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28 @c ----------------------------------------------- |
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29 |
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30 @setchapternewpage odd |
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31 |
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32 @c Settings for small book format: |
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33 @c ------------------------------ |
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34 |
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35 @ignore |
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36 @smallbook |
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37 @setchapternewpage odd |
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38 @finalout |
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39 @iftex |
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40 @cropmarks |
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41 @end iftex |
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42 @end ignore |
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43 |
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44 @defindex op |
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45 |
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46 @c Things like the Octave version number are defined in conf.texi. |
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47 @c This file doesn't include a chapter, so it must not be included |
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48 @c if you want to run the Emacs function texinfo-multiple-files-update. |
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49 |
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50 @include conf.texi |
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51 |
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52 @settitle GNU Octave |
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53 |
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54 @ifnottex |
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55 |
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56 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton. |
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57 |
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58 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
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59 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
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60 are preserved on all copies. |
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61 |
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62 @ignore |
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63 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the |
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64 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission |
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65 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph |
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66 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). |
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67 |
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68 @end ignore |
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69 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of |
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70 this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that |
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71 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of |
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72 a permission notice identical to this one. |
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73 |
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74 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
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75 manual into another language, under the above conditions for |
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76 modified versions. |
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77 @end ifnottex |
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78 |
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79 @titlepage |
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80 @title GNU Octave |
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81 @subtitle A high-level interactive language for numerical computations |
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82 @subtitle Edition 3 for Octave version @value{VERSION} |
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83 @subtitle February 1997 |
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84 @author John W. Eaton |
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85 @page |
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86 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
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87 Copyright @copyright{} 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton. |
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88 |
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89 This is the third edition of the Octave documentation, and is consistent |
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90 with version @value{VERSION} of Octave. |
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91 |
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92 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
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93 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
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94 are preserved on all copies. |
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95 |
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96 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this |
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97 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire |
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98 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission |
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99 notice identical to this one. |
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100 |
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101 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual |
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102 into another language, under the same conditions as for modified versions. |
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103 |
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104 Portions of this document have been adapted from the @code{gawk}, |
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105 @code{readline}, @code{gcc}, and C library manuals, published by the Free |
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106 Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA |
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107 02110-1301--1307, USA. |
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108 @end titlepage |
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109 |
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110 @contents |
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111 |
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112 @ifnottex |
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113 @node Top |
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114 @top |
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115 |
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116 This manual documents how to run, install and port GNU Octave, as well |
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117 as its new features and incompatibilities, and how to report bugs. |
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118 It corresponds to GNU Octave version @value{VERSION}. |
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119 @end ifnottex |
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120 |
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121 @c ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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122 |
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123 @menu |
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124 * Preface:: |
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125 * Introduction:: A brief introduction to Octave. |
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126 * Getting Started:: |
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127 * Data Types:: |
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128 * Numeric Data Types:: |
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129 * Strings:: |
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130 * Data Structures:: |
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131 * Cell Arrays:: |
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132 * Variables:: |
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133 * Expressions:: Expressions. |
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134 * Evaluation:: |
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135 * Statements:: Looping and program flow control. |
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136 * Functions and Scripts:: |
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137 * Error Handling:: |
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138 * Debugging:: |
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139 * Input and Output:: |
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140 * Plotting:: |
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141 * Matrix Manipulation:: |
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142 * Arithmetic:: |
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143 * Bit Manipulations:: |
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144 * Linear Algebra:: |
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145 * Nonlinear Equations:: |
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146 * Sparse Matrices:: |
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147 * Quadrature:: |
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148 * Differential Equations:: |
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149 * Optimization:: |
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150 * Statistics:: |
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151 * Financial Functions:: |
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152 * Sets:: |
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153 * Polynomial Manipulations:: |
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154 * Interpolation:: |
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155 * Control Theory:: |
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156 * Signal Processing:: |
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157 * Image Processing:: |
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158 * Audio Processing:: |
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159 * Quaternions:: |
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160 * System Utilities:: |
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161 * Packages:: |
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162 * Test and Demo Functions:: |
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163 * Tips:: |
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164 * Trouble:: If you have trouble installing Octave. |
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165 * Installation:: How to configure, compile and install Octave. |
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166 * Emacs:: |
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167 * Grammar:: |
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168 * Copying:: The GNU General Public License. |
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169 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept. |
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170 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable. |
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171 * Function Index:: An item for each documented function. |
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172 * Operator Index:: An item for each documented operator. |
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173 |
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174 @detailmenu |
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175 --- The Detailed Node Listing --- |
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176 |
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177 Preface |
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178 |
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179 * Acknowledgements:: |
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180 * How You Can Contribute to Octave:: |
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181 * Distribution:: |
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182 |
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183 A Brief Introduction to Octave |
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184 |
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185 * Running Octave:: |
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186 * Simple Examples:: |
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187 * Conventions:: |
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188 |
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189 Conventions |
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190 |
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191 * Fonts:: |
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192 * Evaluation Notation:: |
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193 * Printing Notation:: |
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194 * Error Messages:: |
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195 * Format of Descriptions:: |
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196 |
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197 Format of Descriptions |
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198 |
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199 * A Sample Function Description:: |
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200 * A Sample Command Description:: |
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201 * A Sample Variable Description:: |
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202 |
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203 Getting Started |
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204 |
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205 * Invoking Octave:: |
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206 * Quitting Octave:: |
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207 * Getting Help:: |
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208 * Command Line Editing:: |
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209 * Errors:: |
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210 * Executable Octave Programs:: |
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211 * Comments:: |
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212 |
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213 Invoking Octave |
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214 |
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215 * Command Line Options:: |
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216 * Startup Files:: |
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217 |
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218 Command Line Editing |
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219 |
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220 * Cursor Motion:: |
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221 * Killing and Yanking:: |
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222 * Commands For Text:: |
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223 * Commands For Completion:: |
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224 * Commands For History:: |
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225 * Customizing readline:: |
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226 * Customizing the Prompt:: |
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227 * Diary and Echo Commands:: |
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228 |
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229 Data Types |
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230 |
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231 * Built-in Data Types:: |
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232 * User-defined Data Types:: |
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233 * Object Sizes:: |
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234 |
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235 Built-in Data Types |
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236 |
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237 * Numeric Objects:: |
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238 * String Objects:: |
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239 * Data Structure Objects:: |
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240 |
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241 Numeric Data Types |
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242 |
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243 * Matrices:: |
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244 * Ranges:: |
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245 * Integer Data Types:: |
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246 * Logical Values:: |
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247 * Predicates for Numeric Objects:: |
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248 |
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249 Matrices |
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250 |
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251 * Empty Matrices:: |
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252 |
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253 Strings |
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254 |
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255 * Creating Strings:: |
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256 * Searching and Replacing:: |
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257 * String Conversions:: |
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258 * Character Class Functions:: |
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259 |
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260 Cell Arrays |
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261 |
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262 * Creating Cell Arrays:: |
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263 * Indexing Cell Arrays:: |
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264 * Cell Arrays of Strings:: |
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265 * Processing Data in Cell Arrays:: |
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266 |
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267 Variables |
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268 |
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269 * Global Variables:: |
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270 * Status of Variables:: |
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271 * Summary of Built-in Variables:: |
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272 * Defaults from the Environment:: |
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273 |
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274 Expressions |
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275 |
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276 * Index Expressions:: |
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277 * Calling Functions:: |
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278 * Arithmetic Ops:: |
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279 * Comparison Ops:: |
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280 * Boolean Expressions:: |
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281 * Assignment Ops:: |
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282 * Increment Ops:: |
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283 * Operator Precedence:: |
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284 |
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285 Calling Functions |
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286 |
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287 * Call by Value:: |
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288 * Recursion:: |
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289 |
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290 Boolean Expressions |
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291 |
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292 * Element-by-element Boolean Operators:: |
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293 * Short-circuit Boolean Operators:: |
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294 |
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295 Statements |
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296 |
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297 * The if Statement:: |
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298 * The switch Statement:: |
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299 * The while Statement:: |
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300 * The do-until Statement:: |
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301 * The for Statement:: |
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302 * The break Statement:: |
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303 * The continue Statement:: |
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304 * The unwind_protect Statement:: |
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305 * The try Statement:: |
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306 * Continuation Lines:: |
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307 |
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308 The @code{for} Statement |
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309 |
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310 * Looping Over Structure Elements:: |
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311 |
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312 Functions and Script Files |
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313 |
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314 * Defining Functions:: |
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315 * Multiple Return Values:: |
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316 * Variable-length Argument Lists:: |
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317 * Variable-length Return Lists:: |
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318 * Returning From a Function:: |
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319 * Function Files:: |
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320 * Script Files:: |
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321 * Dynamically Linked Functions:: |
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322 * Organization of Functions:: |
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323 |
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324 Error Handling |
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325 |
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326 Debugging |
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327 |
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328 Input and Output |
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329 |
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330 * Basic Input and Output:: |
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331 * C-Style I/O Functions:: |
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332 |
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333 Basic Input and Output |
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334 |
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335 * Terminal Output:: |
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336 * Terminal Input:: |
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337 * Simple File I/O:: |
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338 |
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339 C-Style I/O Functions |
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340 |
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341 * Opening and Closing Files:: |
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342 * Simple Output:: |
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343 * Line-Oriented Input:: |
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344 * Formatted Output:: |
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345 * Output Conversion for Matrices:: |
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346 * Output Conversion Syntax:: |
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347 * Table of Output Conversions:: |
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348 * Integer Conversions:: |
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349 * Floating-Point Conversions:: |
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350 * Other Output Conversions:: |
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351 * Formatted Input:: |
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352 * Input Conversion Syntax:: |
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353 * Table of Input Conversions:: |
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354 * Numeric Input Conversions:: |
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355 * String Input Conversions:: |
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356 * Binary I/O:: |
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357 * Temporary Files:: |
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358 * EOF and Errors:: |
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359 * File Positioning:: |
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360 |
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361 Plotting |
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362 |
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363 * Two-Dimensional Plotting:: |
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364 * Specialized Two-Dimensional Plots:: |
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365 * Three-Dimensional Plotting:: |
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366 * Plot Annotations:: |
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367 * Multiple Plots on One Page:: |
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368 * Multiple Plot Windows:: |
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369 * Interaction with gnuplot:: |
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370 |
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371 Matrix Manipulation |
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372 |
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373 * Finding Elements and Checking Conditions:: |
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374 * Rearranging Matrices:: |
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375 * Applying a Function to an Array:: |
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376 * Special Utility Matrices:: |
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377 * Famous Matrices:: |
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378 |
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379 Arithmetic |
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380 |
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381 * Utility Functions:: |
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382 * Complex Arithmetic:: |
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383 * Trigonometry:: |
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384 * Sums and Products:: |
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385 * Special Functions:: |
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386 * Mathematical Constants:: |
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387 |
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388 Linear Algebra |
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389 |
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390 * Techniques used for Linear Algebra:: |
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391 * Basic Matrix Functions:: |
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392 * Matrix Factorizations:: |
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393 * Functions of a Matrix:: |
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394 |
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395 Sparse Matrices |
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396 |
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397 * Basics:: |
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398 * Sparse Linear Algebra:: |
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399 * Iterative Techniques:: |
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400 * Real Life Example:: |
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401 * Oct-Files:: |
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402 * Function Reference:: |
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403 |
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404 Quadrature |
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405 |
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406 * Functions of One Variable:: |
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407 * Orthogonal Collocation:: |
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408 |
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409 Differential Equations |
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410 |
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411 * Ordinary Differential Equations:: |
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412 * Differential-Algebraic Equations:: |
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413 |
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414 Optimization |
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415 |
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416 * Quadratic Programming:: |
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417 * Nonlinear Programming:: |
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418 * Linear Least Squares:: |
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419 |
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420 Statistics |
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421 |
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422 * Basic Statistical Functions:: |
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423 * Tests:: |
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424 * Models:: |
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425 * Distributions:: |
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426 |
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427 Control Theory |
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428 |
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429 * sysstruct:: |
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430 * sysinterface:: |
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431 * sysdisp:: |
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432 * blockdiag:: |
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433 * numerical:: |
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434 * sysprop:: |
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435 * systime:: |
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436 * sysfreq:: |
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437 * cacsd:: |
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438 * misc:: |
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439 |
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440 System Data Structure |
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441 |
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442 * sysstructvars:: |
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443 * sysstructtf:: |
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444 * sysstructzp:: |
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445 * sysstructss:: |
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446 |
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447 System Construction and Interface Functions |
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448 |
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449 * fir2sys:: |
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450 * ss2sys:: |
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451 * tf2sys:: |
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452 * zp2sys:: |
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453 * structaccess:: |
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454 |
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455 Image Processing |
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456 |
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457 * Loading and Saving Images:: |
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458 * Displaying Images:: |
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459 * Representing Images:: |
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460 * Plotting on top of Images:: |
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461 * Color Conversion:: |
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462 |
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463 System Utilities |
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464 |
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465 * Timing Utilities:: |
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466 * Filesystem Utilities:: |
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467 * File Archiving Utilities:: |
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468 * Networking Utilities:: |
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469 * Controlling Subprocesses:: |
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470 * Process ID Information:: |
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471 * Environment Variables:: |
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472 * Current Working Directory:: |
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473 * Password Database Functions:: |
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474 * Group Database Functions:: |
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475 * System Information:: |
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476 |
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477 Packages |
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478 |
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479 * Installing and Removing Packages:: |
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480 * Using Packages:: |
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481 * Administrating Packages:: |
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482 * Creating Packages:: |
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483 * The DESCRIPTION File:: |
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484 * The INDEX file:: |
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485 * PKG_ADD and PKG_DEL directives:: |
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486 |
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487 Test and Demo Functions |
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488 |
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489 * Test Functions:: |
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490 * Demonstration Functions:: |
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491 |
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492 Tips and Standards |
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493 |
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494 * Style Tips:: Writing clean and robust programs. |
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495 * Coding Tips:: Making code run faster. |
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496 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings. |
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497 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments. |
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498 * Function Headers:: Standard headers for functions. |
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499 |
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500 Known Causes of Trouble with Octave |
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501 |
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502 * Actual Bugs:: Bugs we will fix later. |
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503 * Reporting Bugs:: |
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504 * Bug Criteria:: |
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505 * Bug Lists:: |
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506 * Bug Reporting:: |
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507 * Sending Patches:: |
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508 * Service:: |
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509 |
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510 Reporting Bugs |
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511 |
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512 * Bug Criteria:: |
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513 * Where: Bug Lists. Where to send your bug report. |
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514 * Reporting: Bug Reporting. How to report a bug effectively. |
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515 * Patches: Sending Patches. How to send a patch for Octave. |
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516 |
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517 Installing Octave |
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518 |
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519 * Installation Problems:: |
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520 |
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521 Emacs Octave Support |
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522 |
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523 * Installing EOS:: |
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524 * Using Octave Mode:: |
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525 * Running Octave From Within Emacs:: |
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526 * Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave:: |
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527 |
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528 Grammar |
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529 |
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530 * Keywords:: |
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531 |
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532 @end detailmenu |
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533 @end menu |
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534 |
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535 @c ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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536 |
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3403
|
537 @include preface.texi |
|
|
538 @include intro.texi |
|
|
539 @include basics.texi |
|
|
540 @include data.texi |
|
|
541 @include numbers.texi |
|
|
542 @include strings.texi |
|
|
543 @include struct.texi |
|
3439
|
544 @include container.texi |
|
3403
|
545 @include var.texi |
|
|
546 @include expr.texi |
|
|
547 @include eval.texi |
|
|
548 @include stmt.texi |
|
|
549 @include func.texi |
|
|
550 @include errors.texi |
|
4167
|
551 @include debug.texi |
|
3403
|
552 @include io.texi |
|
|
553 @include plot.texi |
|
|
554 @include matrix.texi |
|
|
555 @include arith.texi |
|
6549
|
556 @include bit.texi |
|
3403
|
557 @include linalg.texi |
|
|
558 @include nonlin.texi |
|
5164
|
559 @include sparse.texi |
|
3403
|
560 @include quad.texi |
|
|
561 @include diffeq.texi |
|
|
562 @include optim.texi |
|
|
563 @include stats.texi |
|
3439
|
564 @include finance.texi |
|
3403
|
565 @include set.texi |
|
|
566 @include poly.texi |
|
6549
|
567 @include interp.texi |
|
3403
|
568 @include control.texi |
|
|
569 @include signal.texi |
|
|
570 @include image.texi |
|
|
571 @include audio.texi |
|
3452
|
572 @include quaternion.texi |
|
3403
|
573 @include system.texi |
|
6537
|
574 @include package.texi |
|
3403
|
575 |
|
|
576 @c maybe add again later, if anyone every writes any really interesting |
|
|
577 @c fun stuff for Octave. |
|
|
578 @c |
|
|
579 @c @include amuse.texi |
|
|
580 |
|
|
581 @c Appendices start here. Installation and bugs have to go before the |
|
|
582 @c readline and Info appendices because we want to have separate indices |
|
|
583 @c for them, and there appears to be no way to go back to the original |
|
|
584 @c set of indices once a redirection has taken place. |
|
|
585 |
|
5582
|
586 @include testfun.texi |
|
3403
|
587 @include tips.texi |
|
|
588 @include bugs.texi |
|
|
589 @include install.texi |
|
|
590 @include emacs.texi |
|
|
591 @include grammar.texi |
|
|
592 @include gpl.texi |
|
|
593 |
|
|
594 @include cp-idx.texi |
|
|
595 @include vr-idx.texi |
|
|
596 @include fn-idx.texi |
|
|
597 @include op-idx.texi |
|
|
598 |
|
|
599 @bye |
