Mercurial > hg > octave-lyh
annotate scripts/optimization/fsolve.m @ 8596:8833c0b18eb2
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author | Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com> |
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date | Tue, 27 Jan 2009 08:15:08 +0100 |
parents | dacfd030633a |
children | 43f831758d42 |
rev | line source |
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8590 | 1 ## Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 VZLU Prague, a.s. |
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2 ## |
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3 ## This file is part of Octave. |
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4 ## |
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5 ## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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6 ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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7 ## the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at |
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8 ## your option) any later version. |
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9 ## |
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10 ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
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11 ## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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12 ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
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13 ## General Public License for more details. |
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14 ## |
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15 ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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16 ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see |
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17 ## <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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18 ## |
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19 ## Author: Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com> |
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20 |
8466 | 21 ## -*- texinfo -*- |
8513 | 22 ## @deftypefn{Function File} {} fsolve (@var{fcn}, @var{x0}, @var{options}) |
8466 | 23 ## @deftypefnx{Function File} {[@var{x}, @var{fvec}, @var{info}, @var{output}, @var{fjac}]} = fsolve (@var{fcn}, @dots{}) |
8513 | 24 ## Solve a system of nonlinear equations defined by the function @var{fcn}. |
8466 | 25 ## @var{fcn} should accepts a vector (array) defining the unknown variables, |
26 ## and return a vector of left-hand sides of the equations. Right-hand sides | |
27 ## are defined to be zeros. | |
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28 ## In other words, this function attempts to determine a vector @var{x} such |
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29 ## that @code{@var{fcn} (@var{x})} gives (approximately) all zeros. |
8466 | 30 ## @var{x0} determines a starting guess. The shape of @var{x0} is preserved |
31 ## in all calls to @var{fcn}, but otherwise it is treated as a column vector. | |
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32 ## @var{options} is a structure specifying additional options. |
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33 ## Currently, @code{fsolve} recognizes these options: |
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34 ## @code{"FunValCheck"}, @code{"OutputFcn"}, @code{"TolX"}, |
8590 | 35 ## @code{"TolFun"}, @code{"MaxIter"}, @code{"MaxFunEvals"}, |
36 ## @code{"Jacobian"} and @code{"Updating"}. | |
8466 | 37 ## |
8513 | 38 ## If @code{"Jacobian"} is @code{"on"}, it specifies that @var{fcn}, |
39 ## called with 2 output arguments, also returns the Jacobian matrix | |
40 ## of right-hand sides at the requested point. @code{"TolX"} specifies | |
41 ## the termination tolerance in the unknown variables, while | |
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42 ## @code{"TolFun"} is a tolerance for equations. Default is @code{1e-7} |
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43 ## for both @code{"TolX"} and @code{"TolFun"}. |
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44 ## If @code{"Updating"} is "on", the function will attempt to use Broyden |
8590 | 45 ## updates to update the Jacobian, in order to reduce the amount of jacobian |
46 ## calculations. | |
47 ## If your user function always calculates the Jacobian (regardless of number | |
48 ## of output arguments), this option provides no advantage and should be set to | |
49 ## false. | |
50 ## | |
8466 | 51 ## For description of the other options, see @code{optimset}. |
52 ## | |
53 ## On return, @var{fval} contains the value of the function @var{fcn} | |
54 ## evaluated at @var{x}, and @var{info} may be one of the following values: | |
55 ## | |
56 ## @table @asis | |
57 ## @item 1 | |
58 ## Converged to a solution point. Relative residual error is less than specified | |
59 ## by TolFun. | |
60 ## @item 2 | |
61 ## Last relative step size was less that TolX. | |
62 ## @item 3 | |
63 ## Last relative decrease in residual was less than TolF. | |
64 ## @item 0 | |
65 ## Iteration limit exceeded. | |
66 ## @item -3 | |
67 ## The trust region radius became excessively small. | |
68 ## @end table | |
69 ## | |
70 ## Note: If you only have a single nonlinear equation of one variable, using | |
71 ## @code{fzero} is usually a much better idea. | |
8513 | 72 ## @seealso{fzero, optimset} |
8466 | 73 ## @end deftypefn |
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74 |
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75 function [x, fvec, info, output, fjac] = fsolve (fcn, x0, options = struct ()) |
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76 |
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77 ## Get default options if requested. |
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78 if (nargin == 1 && ischar (fcn) && strcmp (fcn, 'defaults')) |
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79 x = optimset ("MaxIter", 400, "MaxFunEvals", Inf, \ |
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80 "Jacobian", "off", "TolX", 1e-7, "TolF", 1e-7, |
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81 "OutputFcn", [], "Updating", "on", "FunValCheck", "off"); |
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82 return; |
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83 endif |
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84 |
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85 if (nargin < 2 || nargin > 3 || ! ismatrix (x0)) |
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86 print_usage (); |
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87 endif |
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88 |
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89 if (ischar (fcn)) |
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90 fcn = str2func (fcn); |
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91 endif |
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92 |
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93 xsiz = size (x0); |
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94 n = numel (x0); |
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95 |
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96 has_jac = strcmpi (optimget (options, "Jacobian", "off"), "on"); |
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97 maxiter = optimget (options, "MaxIter", 400); |
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98 maxfev = optimget (options, "MaxFunEvals", Inf); |
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99 outfcn = optimget (options, "OutputFcn"); |
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100 updating = strcmpi (optimget (options, "Updating", "on"), "on"); |
8590 | 101 |
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102 funvalchk = strcmpi (optimget (options, "FunValCheck", "off"), "on"); |
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103 |
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104 if (funvalchk) |
8507 | 105 ## Replace fun with a guarded version. |
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106 fun = @(x) guarded_eval (fun, x); |
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107 endif |
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108 |
8466 | 109 ## These defaults are rather stringent. I think that normally, user |
110 ## prefers accuracy to performance. | |
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111 |
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112 macheps = eps (class (x0)); |
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113 |
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114 tolx = optimget (options, "TolX", 1e-7); |
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115 tolf = optimget (options, "TolFun", 1e-7); |
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116 |
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117 factor = 100; |
8466 | 118 ## FIXME: TypicalX corresponds to user scaling (???) |
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119 autodg = true; |
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120 |
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121 niter = 1; |
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122 nfev = 0; |
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123 |
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124 x = x0(:); |
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125 info = 0; |
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126 |
8507 | 127 ## Outer loop. |
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128 while (niter < maxiter && nfev < maxfev && ! info) |
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129 |
8507 | 130 ## Calculate function value and Jacobian (possibly via FD). |
131 ## Handle arbitrary shapes of x and f and remember them. | |
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132 if (has_jac) |
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133 [fvec, fjac] = fcn (reshape (x, xsiz)); |
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134 ## If the jacobian is sparse, disable Broyden updating. |
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135 if (issparse (fjac)) |
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136 updating = false; |
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137 endif |
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138 nfev ++; |
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139 else |
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140 [fvec, fjac] = __fdjac__ (fcn, reshape (x, xsiz)); |
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141 nfev += 1 + length (x); |
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142 endif |
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143 fsiz = size (fvec); |
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144 fvec = fvec(:); |
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145 fn = norm (fvec); |
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146 m = length (fvec); |
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147 n = length (x); |
8590 | 148 |
149 ## For square and overdetermined systems, we update a (pivoted) QR | |
150 ## factorization of the jacobian to avoid solving a full system in each | |
151 ## step. In this case, we pass a triangular matrix to __dogleg__. | |
152 ## Pivoted QR is used for slightly better robustness and invariance | |
153 ## w.r.t. permutations of variables. | |
154 useqr = updating && m >= n && n > 10; | |
155 | |
156 if (useqr) | |
157 ## Get QR factorization of the jacobian, optionally with column pivoting. | |
158 ## TODO: pivoting is only done in the first step, to get invariance | |
159 ## w.r.t. permutations of variables. Maybe it could be beneficial to | |
160 ## repivot occassionally? | |
161 if (niter == 1) | |
162 [q, r, p] = qr (fjac, 0); | |
163 ## p is a column vector. Blame Matlab for the inconsistency. | |
164 ## Octave can handle permutation matrices gracefully. | |
165 p = eye (n)(:, p); | |
166 else | |
167 [q, r] = qr (fjac*p, 0); | |
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168 endif |
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169 endif |
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170 |
8590 | 171 ## Get column norms, use them as scaling factors. |
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172 jcn = norm (fjac, 'columns').'; |
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173 if (niter == 1) |
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174 if (autodg) |
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175 dg = jcn; |
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176 dg(dg == 0) = 1; |
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177 endif |
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178 xn = norm (dg .* x); |
8590 | 179 ## FIXME: something better? |
180 delta = max (factor * xn, 1); | |
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181 endif |
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182 |
8507 | 183 ## Rescale if necessary. |
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184 if (autodg) |
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185 dg = max (dg, jcn); |
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186 endif |
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187 |
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188 nfail = 0; |
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189 nsuc = 0; |
8507 | 190 ## Inner loop. |
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191 while (niter <= maxiter && nfev < maxfev && ! info) |
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192 |
8590 | 193 if (useqr) |
194 tr_mat = r; | |
195 tr_vec = q'*fvec; | |
196 else | |
197 tr_mat = fjac; | |
198 tr_vec = fvec; | |
199 endif | |
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200 |
8590 | 201 ## Get trust-region model (dogleg) minimizer. |
202 if (useqr) | |
203 qtf = q'*fvec; | |
204 s = - __dogleg__ (r, qtf, dg, delta); | |
205 w = qtf + r * s; | |
206 s = p * s; | |
207 else | |
208 s = - __dogleg__ (fjac, fvec, dg, delta); | |
209 w = fvec + fjac * s; | |
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210 endif |
8590 | 211 |
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212 sn = norm (dg .* s); |
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213 if (niter == 1) |
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214 delta = min (delta, sn); |
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215 endif |
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216 |
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217 fvec1 = fcn (reshape (x + s, xsiz)) (:); |
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218 fn1 = norm (fvec1); |
8590 | 219 nfev ++; |
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220 |
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221 if (fn1 < fn) |
8507 | 222 ## Scaled actual reduction. |
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223 actred = 1 - (fn1/fn)^2; |
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224 else |
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225 actred = -1; |
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226 endif |
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227 |
8507 | 228 ## Scaled predicted reduction, and ratio. |
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229 t = norm (w); |
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230 if (t < fn) |
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231 prered = 1 - (t/fn)^2; |
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232 ratio = actred / prered; |
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233 else |
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234 prered = 0; |
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235 ratio = 0; |
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236 endif |
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237 |
8507 | 238 ## Update delta. |
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239 if (ratio < 0.1) |
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240 nsuc = 0; |
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241 nfail ++; |
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242 delta *= 0.5; |
8590 | 243 if (delta <= 1e1*macheps*xn) |
8507 | 244 ## Trust region became uselessly small. |
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245 info = -3; |
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246 break; |
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247 endif |
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248 else |
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249 nfail = 0; |
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250 nsuc ++; |
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251 if (abs (1-ratio) <= 0.1) |
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252 delta = 2*sn; |
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253 elseif (ratio >= 0.5 || nsuc > 1) |
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254 delta = max (delta, 2*sn); |
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255 endif |
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256 endif |
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257 |
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258 if (ratio >= 1e-4) |
8507 | 259 ## Successful iteration. |
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260 x += s; |
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261 xn = norm (dg .* x); |
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262 fvec = fvec1; |
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263 fn = fn1; |
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264 niter ++; |
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265 endif |
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266 |
8590 | 267 ## FIXME: should outputfcn be only called after a successful iteration? |
268 if (outfcn) | |
269 optimvalues.iter = niter; | |
270 optimvalues.funccount = nfev; | |
271 optimvalues.fval = fn; | |
272 optimvalues.searchdirection = s; | |
273 state = 'iter'; | |
274 stop = outfcn (x, optimvalues, state); | |
275 if (stop) | |
276 info = -1; | |
277 break; | |
278 endif | |
279 endif | |
280 | |
8466 | 281 ## Tests for termination conditions. A mysterious place, anything |
282 ## can happen if you change something here... | |
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283 |
8466 | 284 ## The rule of thumb (which I'm not sure M*b is quite following) |
285 ## is that for a tolerance that depends on scaling, only 0 makes | |
286 ## sense as a default value. But 0 usually means uselessly long | |
287 ## iterations, so we need scaling-independent tolerances wherever | |
288 ## possible. | |
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289 |
8466 | 290 ## FIXME -- why tolf*n*xn? If abs (e) ~ abs(x) * eps is a vector |
291 ## of perturbations of x, then norm (fjac*e) <= eps*n*xn, i.e. by | |
292 ## tolf ~ eps we demand as much accuracy as we can expect. | |
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293 if (fn <= tolf*n*xn) |
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294 info = 1; |
8466 | 295 ## The following tests done only after successful step. |
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296 elseif (actred > 0) |
8466 | 297 ## This one is classic. Note that we use scaled variables again, |
298 ## but compare to scaled step, so nothing bad. | |
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299 if (sn <= tolx*xn) |
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300 info = 2; |
8466 | 301 ## Again a classic one. It seems weird to use the same tolf |
302 ## for two different tests, but that's what M*b manual appears | |
303 ## to say. | |
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304 elseif (actred < tolf) |
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305 info = 3; |
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306 endif |
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307 endif |
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308 |
8507 | 309 ## Criterion for recalculating jacobian. |
8590 | 310 if (! updating || nfail == 2) |
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311 break; |
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312 endif |
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313 |
8507 | 314 ## Compute the scaled Broyden update. |
8590 | 315 if (useqr) |
316 u = (fvec1 - q*w) / sn; | |
317 v = dg .* ((dg .* s) / sn); | |
318 v = p' * v; | |
319 | |
320 ## Update the QR factorization. | |
321 [q, r] = qrupdate (q, r, u, v); | |
322 else | |
323 u = (fvec1 - w); | |
324 v = dg .* ((dg .* s) / sn); | |
325 | |
326 ## update the jacobian | |
327 fjac += u * v'; | |
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328 endif |
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329 endwhile |
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330 endwhile |
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331 |
8507 | 332 ## Restore original shapes. |
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333 x = reshape (x, xsiz); |
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334 fvec = reshape (fvec, fsiz); |
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335 |
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336 output.iterations = niter; |
8590 | 337 output.funcCount = nfev; |
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338 |
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339 endfunction |
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340 |
8466 | 341 ## An assistant function that evaluates a function handle and checks for |
342 ## bad results. | |
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343 function fx = guarded_eval (fun, x) |
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344 fx = fun (x); |
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345 if (! all (isreal (fx))) |
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346 error ("fsolve:notreal", "fsolve: non-real value encountered"); |
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347 elseif (any (isnan (fx))) |
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348 error ("fsolve:isnan", "fsolve: NaN value encountered"); |
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349 endif |
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350 endfunction |
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351 |
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352 %!function retval = f (p) |
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353 %! x = p(1); |
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354 %! y = p(2); |
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355 %! z = p(3); |
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356 %! retval = zeros (3, 1); |
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357 %! retval(1) = sin(x) + y**2 + log(z) - 7; |
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358 %! retval(2) = 3*x + 2**y -z**3 + 1; |
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359 %! retval(3) = x + y + z - 5; |
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360 %!test |
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361 %! x_opt = [ 0.599054; |
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362 %! 2.395931; |
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363 %! 2.005014 ]; |
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364 %! tol = 1.0e-5; |
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365 %! [x, fval, info] = fsolve (@f, [ 0.5; 2.0; 2.5 ]); |
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366 %! assert (info > 0); |
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367 %! assert (norm (x - x_opt, Inf) < tol); |
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368 %! assert (norm (fval) < tol); |
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369 |
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370 %!function retval = f (p) |
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371 %! x = p(1); |
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372 %! y = p(2); |
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373 %! z = p(3); |
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374 %! w = p(4); |
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375 %! retval = zeros (4, 1); |
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376 %! retval(1) = 3*x + 4*y + exp (z + w) - 1.007; |
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377 %! retval(2) = 6*x - 4*y + exp (3*z + w) - 11; |
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378 %! retval(3) = x^4 - 4*y^2 + 6*z - 8*w - 20; |
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379 %! retval(4) = x^2 + 2*y^3 + z - w - 4; |
43795cf108d0
initial implementation of fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
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380 %!test |
43795cf108d0
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parents:
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381 %! x_opt = [ -0.767297326653401, 0.590671081117440, 1.47190018629642, -1.52719341133957 ]; |
43795cf108d0
initial implementation of fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
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382 %! tol = 1.0e-5; |
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parents:
diff
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383 %! [x, fval, info] = fsolve (@f, [-1, 1, 2, -1]); |
43795cf108d0
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parents:
diff
changeset
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384 %! assert (info > 0); |
8383
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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385 %! assert (norm (x - x_opt, Inf) < tol); |
8306
43795cf108d0
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parents:
diff
changeset
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386 %! assert (norm (fval) < tol); |
8383
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
|
387 |
a762d9daa700
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parents:
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388 %!function retval = f (p) |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
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389 %! x = p(1); |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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390 %! y = p(2); |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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391 %! z = p(3); |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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392 %! retval = zeros (3, 1); |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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393 %! retval(1) = sin(x) + y**2 + log(z) - 7; |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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394 %! retval(2) = 3*x + 2**y -z**3 + 1; |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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395 %! retval(3) = x + y + z - 5; |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
|
396 %! retval(4) = x*x + y - z*log(z) - 1.36; |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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397 %!test |
a762d9daa700
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Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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398 %! x_opt = [ 0.599054; |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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399 %! 2.395931; |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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400 %! 2.005014 ]; |
a762d9daa700
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Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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401 %! tol = 1.0e-5; |
8590 | 402 %! [x, fval, info] = fsolve (@f, [ 0.5; 2.0; 2.5 ]); |
8383
a762d9daa700
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Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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403 %! assert (info > 0); |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
|
404 %! assert (norm (x - x_opt, Inf) < tol); |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
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405 %! assert (norm (fval) < tol); |
a762d9daa700
allow overdetermined systems in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8306
diff
changeset
|
406 |
8395
88fd356b0d95
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Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
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407 %!function retval = f (p) |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
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408 %! x = p(1); |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
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409 %! y = p(2); |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
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410 %! z = p(3); |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
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411 %! retval = zeros (3, 1); |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
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412 %! retval(1) = sin(x) + y**2 + log(z) - 7; |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
413 %! retval(2) = 3*x + 2**y -z**3 + 1; |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
414 %! retval(3) = x + y + z - 5; |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
415 %!test |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
416 %! x_opt = [ 0.599054; |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
417 %! 2.395931; |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
418 %! 2.005014 ]; |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
419 %! tol = 1.0e-5; |
8590 | 420 %! opt = optimset ("Updating", "qrp"); |
8395
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
421 %! [x, fval, info] = fsolve (@f, [ 0.5; 2.0; 2.5 ], opt); |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
422 %! assert (info > 0); |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
423 %! assert (norm (x - x_opt, Inf) < tol); |
88fd356b0d95
optionally allow pivoting in fsolve
Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com>
parents:
8383
diff
changeset
|
424 %! assert (norm (fval) < tol); |
8590 | 425 |
426 %!test | |
427 %! b0 = 3; | |
428 %! a0 = 0.2; | |
429 %! x = 0:.5:5; | |
430 %! noise = 1e-5 * sin (100*x); | |
431 %! y = exp (-a0*x) + b0 + noise; | |
432 %! c_opt = [a0, b0]; | |
433 %! tol = 1e-5; | |
434 %! | |
435 %! [c, fval, info, output] = fsolve (@(c) (exp(-c(1)*x) + c(2) - y), [0, 0]); | |
436 %! assert (info > 0); | |
437 %! assert (norm (c - c_opt, Inf) < tol); | |
438 %! assert (norm (fval) < norm (noise)); | |
439 |