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1 Since July 1996, most work on Octave has been done using a Linux |
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2 system, and a number of people who regularly test Octave snapshot |
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3 releases also primarily use Linux systems. |
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4 |
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5 However, I have recently started to receive a significant number of |
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6 reports from people who say that they can't compile or run Octave on |
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7 Linux systems. In nearly every case, the problem has turned out |
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8 to be that the compilers or libraries have not been installed |
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9 properly. I suspect that this often results from a botched upgrade, |
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10 or from attempting to install the compilers from the standard source |
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11 distributions. But in some cases, the cause has been a buggy Linux |
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12 distribution. Many of these problems go unnoticed because much of the |
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13 software for Linux is written in C, not C++. |
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14 |
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15 Octave compiles, but it won't run |
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16 --------------------------------- |
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17 |
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18 If you can compile Octave, but it crashes with a segmentation fault |
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19 right away, you probably have incompatible versions of libc and libg++ |
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20 installed, or you have a version of the dynamic loader, ld.so, that is |
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21 incompatible with your versions of the libraries, or both. |
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22 |
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23 On my development system, I am using the following software: |
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24 |
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25 * Linux kernel 2.0.6 |
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26 * gcc/g++ 2.7.2 |
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27 * g77 0.5.18 |
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28 * libg++/libstdc++ 2.7.1.0 |
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29 * libm 5.0.5 |
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30 * libc 5.2.18 |
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31 * libncurses 3.0 |
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32 * ld.so 1.7.14 |
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33 * binutils 2.6 |
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34 |
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35 I know from experience that the versions listed above seem to work |
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36 well together. But if you have a newer version of the kernel, you may |
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37 need a newer version of the C library. I don't have time to keep up |
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38 with all the various library versions (life is much too short for |
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39 that), nor do I know which combinations are supposed to work together. |
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40 That sort of information should be clearly stated in the release notes |
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41 for the libraries. If it is not, please ask the maintainers of the |
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42 libraries to clarify the documentation. |
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43 |
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44 Please note that I am NOT recommending that everyone running Linux and |
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45 using Octave should install the same versions of the libraries and |
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46 compilers that I have. I am simply saying that the versions listed |
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47 above work for me. Other version combinations may also work, but I |
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48 don't have time to map out all the possibilities... |
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49 |
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50 Craig Earls <cpearls@ziplink.net> reports that the order of installing |
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51 libc and lig++ is important. If libg++ is installed *first*, Octave |
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52 will work, but if the libraries are installed in the reverse orfer, |
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53 Octave fails. The conflict apparently arises because libc and libg++ |
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54 shared libraries both use libio, however no one seems to be able to |
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55 provide a clear explanation of exactly what is happening. |
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56 |
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57 Octave won't even compile |
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58 ------------------------- |
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59 |
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60 If you can't compile Octave, you should first check to see that your |
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61 compiler and header files are properly installed. Do you have |
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62 multiple versions of the g++ include files on your system? Are you |
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63 sure that your copy of g++ is finding the right set? You can find out |
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64 by compiling a simple C++ program with -v: |
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65 |
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66 bash$ cat foo.cc |
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67 #include <iostream.h> |
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68 int main (void) { cerr << "yo\n"; return 0; } |
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69 |
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70 bash$ g++ -v foo.cc |
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71 gcc -v foo.cc -lg++ -lstdc++ -lm |
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72 Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2/specs |
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73 gcc version 2.7.2 |
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74 /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2/cpp -lang-c++ -v -undef ... |
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75 #include "..." search starts here: |
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76 #include <...> search starts here: |
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77 /usr/lib/g++-include |
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78 /usr/local/include |
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79 /usr/i486-linux/include |
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80 /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2/include |
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81 /usr/include |
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82 End of search list. |
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83 ... |
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84 |
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85 If the location of the correct set of include files is not listed in |
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86 the search path, then you might be able to fix that with a symbolic |
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87 link. However, if your version of libg++ was not compiled with your |
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88 current version of gcc, you are likely to run into more trouble. |
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89 |
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90 The linker can't find -lieee |
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91 ---------------------------- |
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92 |
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93 This can happen because your libraries don't match your version of |
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94 gcc. Some recent Linux distributions don't include a libieee.a file |
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95 because IEEE support is now the default and the library is no longer |
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96 needed, but the gcc specs file still adds -lieee to the linker command |
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97 if gcc is invoked with the -mieeefp flag. I believe that you should |
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98 be able to fix this by editing the gcc specs file. In it, you should |
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99 find something like this: |
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100 |
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101 %{!shared: %{mieee-fp:-lieee} %{p:-lgmon} %{pg:-lgmon} \ |
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102 %{!ggdb:-lc} %{ggdb:-lg}} |
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103 |
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104 changing it to |
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105 |
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106 %{!shared: %{p:-lgmon} %{pg:-lgmon} %{!ggdb:-lc} %{ggdb:-lg}} |
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107 |
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108 should keep gcc from adding -lieee to the link command. You can find |
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109 the location of the specs file by running the command gcc -v. |
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110 |
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111 If you can't edit the gcc specs file for some reason, another solution |
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112 that should work is to create an empty libieee.a file in the Octave |
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113 src directory using the command: |
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114 |
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115 ar cq libieee.a |
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116 |
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117 NOTE: you should fix this problem (either by editing the specs file or |
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118 by creating the library) *before* running configure and compiling |
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119 Octave. Otherwise, configure may incorrectly determine that your |
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120 system doesn't have support for some IEEE math functions. |
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121 |
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122 My system doesn't have g77 |
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123 -------------------------- |
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124 |
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125 A binary release of g77 that should work with gcc 2.7.2 is available |
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126 from sunsite.unc.edu in the directory /pub/Linux/devel/lang/fortran. |
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127 There is also a Debian package for g77. |
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128 |
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129 Problems with g77 on Debian 1.2 systems (and possibly others) |
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130 ------------------------------------------------------------- |
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131 |
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132 The location of the compiler binaries has changed, so the g77 0.5.18 |
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133 package can not be used without modification. The problem is that the |
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134 Debian package was built for gcc 2.7.2 and not 2.7.2.1 and the f771 |
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135 backend is installed in the wrong directory. |
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136 |
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137 Version 0.5.19 of g77 has just been released. A fixed Debian package |
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138 may be made available soon. Until then, you can make things work by |
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139 copying f771 and libf2c.a from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2 to |
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140 /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2.1. |
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141 |
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142 Upgrading your compiler and libraries |
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143 ------------------------------------- |
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144 |
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145 Installing libg++ on a Linux system is not as simple as it should be, |
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146 because libg++ shares some basic I/O code with the Linux C library, |
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147 and they must be compatible. You should get and read the release |
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148 notes for the compiler and libraries. |
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149 |
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150 If you decide to install versions of the libraries that are older (or |
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151 newer) than the ones you already have, you should follow the |
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152 directions in the release notes very carefully. |
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153 |
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154 I/O in dynamically loaded .oct files doesn't work |
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155 ------------------------------------------------- |
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156 |
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157 If Octave prints things like `%.-1e' instead of numbers when you use a |
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158 dynamically linked .oct file, you probably need to create shared |
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159 versions of the Octave libraries. To do that, configure Octave with |
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160 --enable-shared. |
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161 |
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162 |
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163 If you have comments or suggestions for this document, please contact |
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164 bug-octave@bevo.che.wisc.edu. |
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165 |
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166 John W. Eaton |
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167 jwe@bevo.che.wisc.edu |
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168 University of Wisconsin-Madison |
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169 Department of Chemical Engineering |
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170 |
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171 Mon May 19 23:13:35 1997 |
