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document textscan and textread
author John W. Eaton <jwe@octave.org>
date Sat, 23 Oct 2010 02:29:35 -0400
parents 64728cd28d7a
children 564e998017f5
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1 ## Copyright (C) 2009 Eric Chassande-Mottin, CNRS (France)
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2 ##
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3 ## This file is part of Octave.
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4 ##
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5 ## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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6 ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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7 ## the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
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8 ## your option) any later version.
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9 ##
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10 ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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11 ## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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12 ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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13 ## General Public License for more details.
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14 ##
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15 ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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16 ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, see
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17 ## <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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18
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19 ## -*- texinfo -*-
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20 ## @deftypefn {Function File} {[@var{a}, @dots{}] =} strread (@var{str})
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21 ## @deftypefnx {Function File} {[@var{a}, @dots{}] =} strread (@var{str}, @var{format})
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22 ## @deftypefnx {Function File} {[@var{a}, @dots{}] =} strread (@var{str}, @var{format}, @
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23 ## @var{prop1}, @var{value1}, @dots{})
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24 ## Read data from a string.
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25 ##
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26 ## The string @var{str} is split into words that are repeatedly matched to the
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27 ## specifiers in @var{format}. The first word is matched to the first
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28 ## specifier,
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29 ## the second to the second specifier and so forth. If there are more words
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30 ## than
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31 ## specifiers, the process is repeated until all words have been processed.
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32 ##
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33 ## The string @var{format} describes how the words in @var{str} should be
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34 ## parsed.
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35 ## It may contain any combination of the following specifiers:
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36 ## @table @code
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37 ## @item %s
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38 ## The word is parsed as a string.
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39 ##
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40 ## @item %d
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41 ## @itemx %f
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42 ## The word is parsed as a number.
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43 ##
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44 ## @item %*
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45 ## The word is skipped.
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46 ## @end table
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47 ##
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48 ## Parsed word corresponding to the first specifier are returned in the first
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49 ## output argument and likewise for the rest of the specifiers.
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50 ##
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51 ## By default, @var{format} is @t{"%f"}, meaning that numbers are read from
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52 ## @var{str}.
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53 ##
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54 ## For example, the string
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55 ##
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56 ## @example
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57 ## @group
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58 ## @var{str} = "\
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59 ## Bunny Bugs 5.5\n\
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60 ## Duck Daffy -7.5e-5\n\
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61 ## Penguin Tux 6"
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62 ## @end group
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63 ## @end example
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64 ##
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65 ## @noindent
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66 ## can be read using
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67 ##
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68 ## @example
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69 ## [@var{a}, @var{b}, @var{c}] = strread (@var{str}, "%s %s %f");
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70 ## @end example
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71 ##
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72 ## The behaviour of @code{strread} can be changed via property-value
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73 ## pairs. The following properties are recognized:
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74 ##
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75 ## @table @code
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76 ## @item "commentstyle"
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77 ## Parts of @var{str} are considered comments and will be skipped.
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78 ## @var{value} is the comment style and can be any of the following.
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79 ## @itemize
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80 ## @item "shell"
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81 ## Everything from @code{#} characters to the nearest end-line is skipped.
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82 ##
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83 ## @item "c"
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84 ## Everything between @code{/*} and @code{*/} is skipped.
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85 ##
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86 ## @item "c++"
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87 ## Everything from @code{//} characters to the nearest end-line is skipped.
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88 ##
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89 ## @item "matlab"
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90 ## Everything from @code{%} characters to the nearest end-line is skipped.
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91 ## @end itemize
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92 ##
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93 ## @item "delimiter"
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94 ## Any character in @var{value} will be used to split @var{str} into words.
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95 ##
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96 ## @item "emptyvalue"
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97 ## Parts of the output where no word is available is filled with @var{value}.
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98 ## @end itemize
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99 ##
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100 ## @seealso{textread, load, dlmread, fscanf}
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101 ## @end deftypefn
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102
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103 function varargout = strread (str, formatstr = "%f", varargin)
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104 ## Check input
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105 if (nargin < 1)
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106 print_usage ();
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107 endif
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108
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109 if (!ischar (str) || !ischar (formatstr))
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110 error ("strread: first and second input arguments must be strings");
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111 endif
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112
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113 ## Parse options
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114 comment_flag = false;
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115 numeric_fill_value = 0;
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116 white_spaces = " \n\r\t\b";
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117 delimiter_str = "";
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118 for n = 1:2:length (varargin)
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119 switch (lower (varargin {n}))
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120 case "commentstyle"
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121 comment_flag = true;
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122 switch (lower (varargin {n+1}))
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123 case "c"
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124 comment_specif = {"/*", "*/"};
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125 case "c++"
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126 comment_specif = {"//", "\n"};
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diff changeset
127 case "shell"
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diff changeset
128 comment_specif = {"#", "\n"};
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parents:
diff changeset
129 case "matlab"
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diff changeset
130 comment_specif = {"%", "\n"};
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parents:
diff changeset
131 otherwise
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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diff changeset
132 warning ("strread: unknown comment style '%s'", val);
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
133 endswitch
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
134 case "delimiter"
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diff changeset
135 delimiter_str = varargin {n+1};
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diff changeset
136 case "emptyvalue"
10549
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137 numeric_fill_value = varargin {n+1};
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diff changeset
138 case "bufsize"
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139 ## XXX: We could synthesize this, but that just seems weird...
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140 warning ("strread: property \"bufsize\" is not implemented");
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141 case "whitespace"
10549
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142 white_spaces = varargin {n+1};
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143 case "expchars"
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144 warning ("strread: property \"expchars\" is not implemented");
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145 otherwise
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diff changeset
146 warning ("strread: unknown property \"%s\"", varargin {n});
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147 endswitch
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148 endfor
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149 if (isempty (delimiter_str))
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150 delimiter_str = white_spaces;
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151 endif
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152
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153 ## Parse format string
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parents:
diff changeset
154 idx = strfind (formatstr, "%")';
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diff changeset
155 specif = formatstr ([idx, idx+1]);
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diff changeset
156 nspecif = length (idx);
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parents:
diff changeset
157 idx_star = strfind (formatstr, "%*");
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parents:
diff changeset
158 nfields = length (idx) - length (idx_star);
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parents:
diff changeset
159
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parents:
diff changeset
160 if (max (nargout, 1) != nfields)
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
161 error ("strread: the number of output variables must match that of format specifiers");
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parents:
diff changeset
162 endif
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
163
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
164 ## Remove comments
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
165 if (comment_flag)
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Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
166 cstart = strfind (str, comment_specif{1});
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
167 cstop = strfind (str, comment_specif{2});
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
168 if (length (cstart) > 0)
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
169 ## Ignore nested openers.
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
170 [idx, cidx] = unique (lookup (cstop, cstart), "first");
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
171 if (idx(end) == length (cstop))
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
172 cidx(end) = []; # Drop the last one if orphaned.
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
173 endif
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
174 cstart = cstart(cidx);
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
175 endif
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
176 if (length (cstop) > 0)
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
177 ## Ignore nested closers.
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
178 [idx, cidx] = unique (lookup (cstart, cstop), "first");
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
179 if (idx(1) == 0)
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
180 cidx(1) = []; # Drop the first one if orphaned.
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
181 endif
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
182 cstop = cstop(cidx);
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
183 endif
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
184 len = length (str);
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
185 c2len = length (comment_specif{2});
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
186 str = cellslices (str, [1, cstop + c2len], [cstart - 1, len]);
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
187 str = [str{:}];
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
188 endif
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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diff changeset
189
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
190 ## Determine the number of words per line
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
191 [~, ~, ~, fmt_words] = regexp (formatstr, "[^\\s]+");
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
192
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
193 num_words_per_line = numel (fmt_words);
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
194 for m = 1:numel(fmt_words)
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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parents: 11120
diff changeset
195 ## Convert formats such as "%Ns" to "%s" (see the FIXME below)
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
196 if (length (fmt_words{m}) > 2)
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
197 if (strcmp (fmt_words{m}(1:2), "%*"))
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
198 fmt_words{m} = "%*";
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
199 elseif (fmt_words{m}(1) == "%")
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
200 fmt_words{m} = fmt_words{m}([1, end]);
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
201 endif
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
202 endif
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
203 endfor
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
204
9746
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
205 ## Split 'str' into words
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
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diff changeset
206 words = split_by (str, delimiter_str);
9746
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
207 num_words = numel (words);
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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diff changeset
208 num_lines = ceil (num_words / num_words_per_line);
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Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
209
9746
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parents:
diff changeset
210 ## For each specifier
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
211 k = 1;
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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diff changeset
212 for m = 1:num_words_per_line
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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parents: 11120
diff changeset
213 data = words (m:num_words_per_line:end);
9746
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
214 ## Map to format
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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diff changeset
215 ## FIXME - add support for formats like "%4s" or "<%s>", "%[a-zA-Z]"
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
216 ## Someone with regexp experience is needed.
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
217 switch fmt_words{m}
9746
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
218 case "%s"
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
219 data (end+1:num_lines) = {""};
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
220 varargout {k} = data';
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
221 k++;
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
222 case {"%d", "%f"}
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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diff changeset
223 n = cellfun (@isempty, data);
9746
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
224 data = str2double (data);
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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diff changeset
225 data(n) = numeric_fill_value;
9746
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parents:
diff changeset
226 data (end+1:num_lines) = numeric_fill_value;
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
227 varargout {k} = data.';
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
228 k++;
11127
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
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diff changeset
229 case {"%*", "%*s"}
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
230 ## skip the word
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
231 otherwise
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
232 ## Ensure descriptive content is consistent
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
233 if (numel (unique (data)) > 1
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
234 || ! strcmpi (unique (data), fmt_words{m}))
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
235 error ("strread: format does not match data")
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
236 endif
9746
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
237 endswitch
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
238 endfor
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
239 endfunction
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
240
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
241 function out = split_by (text, sep)
11127
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diff changeset
242 sep = union (sep, "\n");
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
243 pat = sprintf ("[^%s]+", sep);
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
244 [~, ~, ~, out] = regexp (text, pat);
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
245 out(cellfun (@isempty, out)) = {""};
64728cd28d7a strread.m: Improve compatibility with Matlab.
Ben Abbott <bpabbott@mac.com>
parents: 11120
diff changeset
246 out = strtrim (out);
9746
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parents:
diff changeset
247 endfunction
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
diff changeset
248
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
249 %!test
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
250 %! str = "# comment\n# comment\n1 2 3";
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
251 %! [a, b] = strread (str, '%d %s', 'commentstyle', 'shell');
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
252 %! assert (a, [1; 3]);
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Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
253 %! assert (b, {"2"; ""});
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parents:
diff changeset
254
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
Soren Hauberg <hauberg@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
255 %!test
31a22d48f41f scripts/io/strread.m scripts/io/textread.m: new functions
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parents:
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256 %! str = '';
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257 %! a = rand (10, 1);
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258 %! b = char (round (65 + 20 * rand (10, 1)));
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259 %! for k = 1:10
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260 %! str = sprintf ('%s %.6f %s\n', str, a (k), b (k));
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261 %! endfor
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262 %! [aa, bb] = strread (str, '%f %s');
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263 %! assert (a, aa, 1e-5);
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264 %! assert (cellstr (b), bb);
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265
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266 %!test
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267 %! str = '';
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268 %! a = rand (10, 1);
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269 %! b = char (round (65 + 20 * rand (10, 1)));
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270 %! for k = 1:10
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271 %! str = sprintf ('%s %.6f %s\n', str, a (k), b (k));
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272 %! endfor
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273 %! aa = strread (str, '%f %*s');
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274 %! assert (a, aa, 1e-5);
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275
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276 %!test
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277 %! str = sprintf ('/* this is\nacomment*/ 1 2 3');
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278 %! a = strread (str, '%f', 'commentstyle', 'c');
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279 %! assert (a, [1; 2; 3]);
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280
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281 %!test
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282 %! str = sprintf ("Tom 100 miles/hr\nDick 90 miles/hr\nHarry 80 miles/hr");
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283 %! fmt = "%s %f miles/hr";
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284 %! c = cell (1, 2);
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285 %! [c{:}] = strread (str, fmt);
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286 %! assert (c{1}, {"Tom"; "Dick"; "Harry"})
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287 %! assert (c{2}, [100; 90; 80])
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288
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289 %!test
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290 %! a = strread ("a b c, d e, , f", "%s", "delimiter", ",");
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291 %! assert (a, {"a b c"; "d e"; ""; "f"});
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292