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2918
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1 Summary of changes since version 2.0.5: |
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2 -------------------------------------- |
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3 |
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4 * New operators. Octave's parser now recognizes the following |
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5 operators: << >> += -= *= /= .+= .-= .*= ./= &= |= <<= >>=. So |
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6 far, there are only a few operations defined that actually use |
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7 them (this should change before 2.1 is released). |
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8 |
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9 * New built-in data types: |
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10 |
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11 logical: |
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12 |
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13 A true value is represented by 1, and false value by 0. |
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14 Comparison operations like <, <=, ==, >, >=, and != now return |
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15 logical values. Indexing operations that use zero-one style |
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16 indexing must now use logical values. You can use the new |
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17 function logical() to convert a numeric value to a logical |
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18 value. This avoids the need for the built-in variable |
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19 `prefer_zero_one_indexing', so it has been removed. Logical |
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20 values are automatically converted to numeric values where |
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21 appropriate. |
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22 |
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23 file: |
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24 |
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25 A file object represents an open Octave stream object. The |
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26 fopen function now returns a file object instead of an integer. |
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27 File objects can be converted to integers automatically, and the |
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28 other functions that work with file ids still work with |
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29 integers, so this change should be backward compatible. |
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30 |
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31 The binary left-shift operator `<<' has been defined to work as |
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32 in C++ for file objects and built-in types. For example, |
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33 |
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34 my_stream = fopen ("foo", "w"); |
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35 my_stream << "x = " << pi << " marks the spot\n"; |
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36 |
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2922
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37 writes `x = 3.1416 marks the spot' in the file foo. |
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2918
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38 |
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39 The built-in variables stdin, stdout, and stderr are now also |
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40 file objects instead of integers. |
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41 |
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42 list: |
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43 |
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44 A list is an array of Octave objects. It can be indexed using |
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45 the normal indexing operator. For example, |
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46 |
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47 x = make_list ([1,2;3,4], 1, "foo"); |
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48 stdout << x(2) << "\n" |
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49 1 |
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50 stdout << x; |
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51 ( |
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52 [1] = |
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53 |
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54 1 2 |
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55 3 4 |
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56 |
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57 [2] = 1 |
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58 [3] = foo |
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59 ) |
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60 |
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61 There is currently no special syntax for creating lists; you |
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62 must use the make_list function. |
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2845
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63 |
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2852
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64 * Commas in global statements are no longer special. They are now |
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65 treated as command separators. This removes a conflict in the |
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66 grammar and is consistent with the way Matlab behaves. The |
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67 variable `warn_comma_in_global_decl' has been eliminated. |
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2852
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68 |
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2845
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69 * It is now possible to declare static variables that retain their |
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70 values across function calls. For example, |
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71 |
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72 function ncall = f () static n = 0; ncall = ++n; endfunction |
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73 |
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74 defines a function that returns the number of times that it has |
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75 been called. |
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76 |
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77 * Functions like quad, fsolve, and lsode can take either a function |
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78 name or a simple function body as a string. For example, |
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79 |
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80 quad ("sqrt (x)", 0, 1) |
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81 |
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82 is equivalent to |
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83 |
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84 function y = f (x) y = sqrt (x); endfunction |
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85 quad ("f", 0, 1) |
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86 |
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2815
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87 * If the argument to eig() is symmetric, Octave uses the specialized |
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88 Lapack subroutine for symmetric matrices for a significant |
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89 increase in performance. |
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90 |
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2851
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91 * If the argument to lsode that names the user-supplied function is |
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92 a 2-element string array, the second element is taken as the name |
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93 of the Jacobian function. The named function should have the |
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94 following form: |
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95 |
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96 JAC = f (X, T) |
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97 |
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98 where JAC is the Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives of the |
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99 right-hand-side functions that define the set of differential |
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100 equations with respect to the state vector X. |
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101 |
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2745
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102 Summary of changes for version 2.0.5: |
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103 ------------------------------------ |
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104 |
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2767
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105 * A `switch' statement is now available. See the Statements chapter |
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106 in the manual for details. |
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107 |
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2745
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108 * Commands like ls, save, and cd may now also be used as formal |
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109 parameters for functions. |
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110 |
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111 * More tests. |
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112 |
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2702
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113 Summary of changes for version 2.0.4: |
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114 ------------------------------------ |
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115 |
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116 * It is now possible to use commands like ls, save, and cd as simple |
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117 variable names. They still cannot be used as formal parameters |
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118 for functions, or as the names of structure variables. Failed |
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119 assignments leave them undefined (you can recover the orginal |
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2704
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120 function definition using clear). |
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121 |
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122 * Is is now possible to invoke commands like ls, save, and cd as |
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123 normal functions (for example, load ("foo", "x", "y", "z")). |
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124 |
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2666
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125 Summary of changes for version 2.0.3: |
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126 ------------------------------------ |
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127 |
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128 * The manual has been completely revised and now corresponds much |
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129 more closely to the features of the current version. |
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130 |
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131 * The return value for assignment expressions is now the RHS since |
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132 that is more consistent with the way other programming languages |
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133 work. However, Octave still prints the entire LHS value so that |
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134 |
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135 x = zeros (1, 2); |
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136 x(2) = 1 |
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137 |
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138 still prints |
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139 |
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140 x = |
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141 |
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142 0 1 |
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143 |
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144 but an assignment like |
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145 |
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146 z = x(2) = 1 |
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147 |
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148 sets z to 1 (not [ 0, 1 ] as in previous versions of Octave). |
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149 |
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2683
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150 * It is now much easier to make binary distributions. See the |
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151 Binary Distributions section of the manual for more details. |
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152 |
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2615
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153 Summary of changes for version 2.0.2: |
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154 ------------------------------------ |
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155 |
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2621
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156 * Octave now stops executing commands from a script file if an error |
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157 is encountered. |
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158 |
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159 * The return, and break commands now cause Octave to quit executing |
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160 commands from script files. When used in invalid contexts, the |
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161 break, continue, and return commands are now simply ignored |
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162 instead of producing parse errors. |
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163 |
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2613
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164 * size ("") is now [0, 0]. |
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165 |
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2634
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166 * New functions: |
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167 |
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168 sleep -- pause execution for a specified number of seconds |
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169 usleep -- pause execution for a specified number of microseconds |
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170 |
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2452
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171 Summary of changes for version 2.0: |
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172 ---------------------------------- |
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173 |
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2520
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174 * The set and show commands for setting and displaying gnuplot |
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175 parameters have been replaced by gset and gshow. This change will |
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176 probably break lots of things, but it is necessary to allow for |
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177 compatibility with the Matlab graphics and GUI commands in a |
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178 future version of Octave. (For now, the old set and show commands |
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179 do work, but they print an annoying warning message to try to get |
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180 people to switch to using gset.) |
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181 |
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2581
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182 * Octave has been mostly ported to Windows NT and Windows 95 using |
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183 the beta 17 release of the Cygnus GNU-WIN32 tools. Not everything |
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184 works, but it is usable. See the file README.WINDOWS for more |
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185 information. |
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186 |
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2580
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187 * Dynamic linking works on more systems using dlopen() and friends |
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188 (most modern Unix systems) or shl_load() and friends (HP/UX |
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189 systems). A simple example is provided in examples/hello.cc. |
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190 For this feature to work, you must configure Octave with |
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191 --enable-shared. You may also need to have a shared-library |
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192 version of libg++ and libstdc++. |
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193 |
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2452
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194 * New data types can be added to Octave by writing a C++ class. On |
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195 systems that support dynamic linking, new data types can be added |
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196 to an already running Octave binary. A simple example appears in |
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197 the file examples/make_int.cc. Other examples are the standard |
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198 Octave data types defined in the files src/ov*.{h,cc} and |
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2580
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199 src/op-*.cc. |
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200 |
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201 * The configure option --enable-bounds-check turns on bounds |
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202 checking on element references for Octave's internal array and |
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203 matrix classes. It's enabled by default. To disable this |
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204 feature, configure Octave with --disable-bounds-check. |
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205 |
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206 * The C-style I/O functions (fopen, fprintf, etc.) have been |
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207 rewritten to be more compatible with Matlab. The fputs function |
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208 has also been added. Usage of the *printf functions that was |
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209 allowed in previous versions of Octave should still work. |
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210 However, there is no way to make the new versions of the *scanf |
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211 functions compatible with Matlab *and* previous versions of |
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212 Octave. An optional argument to the *scanf functions is now |
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213 available to make them behave in a way that is compatible with |
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214 previous versions of Octave. |
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215 |
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2511
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216 * Octave can now read files that contain columns of numbers only, |
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217 with no header information. The name of the loaded variable is |
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218 constructed from the file name. Each line in the file must have |
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219 the same number of elements. |
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220 |
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2452
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221 * The interface to the pager has changed. The new built-in variable |
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222 `page_output_immediately' controls when Octave sends output to the |
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223 pager. If it is nonzero, Octave sends output to the pager as soon |
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224 as it is available. Otherwise, Octave buffers its output and |
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225 waits until just before the prompt is printed to flush it to the |
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226 pager. |
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227 |
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228 * Expressions of the form |
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229 |
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230 A(i,j) = x |
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231 |
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232 where X is a scalar and the indices i and j define a matrix of |
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233 elements now work as you would expect rather than giving an error. |
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234 I am told that this is how Matlab 5.0 will behave when it is |
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235 released. |
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236 |
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237 * Indexing of character strings now works. |
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238 |
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239 * The echo command has been implemented. |
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240 |
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241 * The document command is now a regular function. |
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242 |
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243 * New method for handling errors: |
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244 |
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245 try |
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246 BODY |
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247 catch |
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248 CLEANUP |
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249 end_try_catch |
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250 |
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251 Where BODY and CLEANUP are both optional and may contain any |
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252 Octave expressions or commands. The statements in CLEANUP are |
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253 only executed if an error occurs in BODY. |
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254 |
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255 No warnings or error messages are printed while BODY is |
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256 executing. If an error does occur during the execution of BODY, |
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257 CLEANUP can access the text of the message that would have been |
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258 printed in the builtin constant __error_text__. This is the same |
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259 as eval (TRY, CATCH) (which may now also use __error_text__) but |
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260 it is more efficient since the commands do not need to be parsed |
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261 each time the TRY and CATCH statements are evaluated. |
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262 |
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263 * Octave no longer parses the help command by grabbing everything |
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264 after the keyword `help' until a newline character is read. To |
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265 get help for `;' or `,', now, you need to use the command |
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266 `help semicolon' or `help comma'. |
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267 |
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268 * Octave's parser now does some simple constant folding. This means |
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269 that expressions like 3*i are now evaluated only once, when a |
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270 function is compiled, and the right hand side of expressions like |
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271 a = [1,2;3,4] are treated as true matrix constants rather than |
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272 lists of elements which must be evaluated each time they are |
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273 needed. |
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274 |
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275 * Built-in variables that can take values of "true" and "false" can |
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276 now also be set to any nonzero scalar value to indicate "true", |
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277 and 0 to indicate "false". |
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278 |
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279 * New built-in variables `history_file', `history_size', and |
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280 `saving_history'. |
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281 |
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282 * New built-in variable `string_fill_char' specifies the character |
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283 to fill with when creating arrays of strings. |
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284 |
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285 * If the new built-in variable `gnuplot_has_frames' is nonzero, |
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286 Octave assumes that your copy of gnuplot includes support for |
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287 multiple plot windows when using X11. |
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288 |
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289 If the new built-in variable `gnuplot_has_multiplot' is nonzero, |
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290 Octave assumes that your copy of gnuplot has the multiplot support |
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291 that is included in recent 3.6beta releases. |
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292 |
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293 The initial values of these variables are determined by configure, |
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294 but can be changed in your startup script or at the command line |
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295 in case configure got it wrong, or if you upgrade your gnuplot |
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296 installation. |
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297 |
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298 * The new plot function `figure' allows multiple plot windows when |
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299 using newer versions of gnuplot with X11. |
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300 |
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301 * Octave now notices when the plotter has exited unexpectedly. |
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302 |
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303 * New built-in variable `warn_missing_semicolon'. If nonzero, Octave |
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304 will warn when statements in function definitions don't end in |
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305 semicolons. The default value is 0. |
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306 |
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307 * Octave now attempts to continue after floating point exceptions |
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308 or out-of-memory errors. |
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309 |
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310 * If Octave crashes, it now attempts to save all user-defined |
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311 variables in a file named `octave-core' in the current directory |
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312 before exiting. |
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313 |
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314 * It is now possible to get the values of individual option settings |
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315 for the dassl, fsolve, lsode, npsol, qpsol, and quad functions |
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316 using commands like |
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317 |
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318 dassl_reltol = dassl_options ("relative tolerance"); |
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319 |
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320 * The svd() function no longer computes the left and right singular |
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321 matrices unnecessarily. This can significantly improve |
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322 performance for large matrices if you are just looking for the |
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323 singular values. |
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324 |
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325 * The filter() function is now a built-in function. |
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326 |
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327 * New function randn() returns a pseudo-random number from a normal |
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328 distribution. The rand() and randn() functions have separate |
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329 seeds and generators. |
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330 |
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331 * Octave's command-line arguments are now available in the built-in |
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332 variable `argv'. The program name is also available in the |
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333 variables `program_invocation_name' and `program_name'. If |
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334 executing a script from the command line (e.g., octave foo.m) or |
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335 using the `#! /bin/octave' hack, the program name is set to the |
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336 name of the script. |
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337 |
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338 * New built-in variable `completion_append_char' used as the |
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339 character to append to successful command-line completion |
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340 attempts. The default is " " (a single space). |
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341 |
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342 * Octave now uses a modified copy of the readline library from |
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343 version 1.14.5 of GNU bash. |
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344 |
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345 * In prompt strings, `\H' expands to the whole host name. |
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346 |
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347 * New built-in variable `beep_on_error'. If nonzero, Octave will try |
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348 to ring your terminal's bell before printing an error message. |
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349 The default value is 0. |
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350 |
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2554
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351 * For functions defined from files, the type command now prints the |
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352 text of the file. You can still get the text reconstructed from |
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353 the parse tree by using the new option -t (-transformed). |
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354 |
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2452
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355 * New command-line argument --traditional sets the following |
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356 preference variables for compatibility with Matlab: |
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357 |
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358 PS1 = ">> " |
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359 PS2 = "" |
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360 beep_on_error = 1 |
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361 default_save_format = "mat-binary" |
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362 define_all_return_values = 1 |
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363 do_fortran_indexing = 1 |
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364 empty_list_elements_ok = 1 |
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365 implicit_str_to_num_ok = 1 |
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366 ok_to_lose_imaginary_part = 1 |
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367 page_screen_output = 0 |
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368 prefer_column_vectors = 0 |
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369 prefer_zero_one_indexing = 1 |
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370 print_empty_dimensions = 0 |
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371 treat_neg_dim_as_zero = 1 |
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372 warn_function_name_clash = 0 |
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373 whitespace_in_literal_matrix = "traditional" |
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374 |
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375 * New functions: |
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376 |
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377 readdir -- returns names of files in directory as array of strings |
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378 mkdir -- create a directory |
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379 rmdir -- remove a directory |
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380 rename -- rename a file |
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381 unlink -- delete a file |
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382 umask -- set permission mask for file creation |
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383 stat -- get information about a file |
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384 lstat -- get information about a symbolic link |
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2496
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385 glob -- perform filename globbing |
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386 fnmatch -- match strings with filename globbing patterns |
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2452
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387 more -- turn the pager on or off |
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388 gammaln -- alias for lgamma |
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389 |
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390 * New audio functions from Andreas Weingessel |
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391 <Andreas.Weingessel@ci.tuwien.ac.at>. |
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392 |
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2458
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393 lin2mu -- linear to mu-law encoding |
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394 loadaudio -- load an audio file to a vector |
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395 mu2lin -- mu-law to linear encoding |
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396 playaudio -- play an audio file |
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397 record -- record sound and store in vector |
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398 saveaudio -- save a vector as an audio file |
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399 setaudio -- executes mixer shell command |
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2452
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400 |
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401 * New plotting functions from Vinayak Dutt. Ones dealing with |
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402 multiple plots on one page require features from gnuplot 3.6beta |
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403 (or later). |
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404 |
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405 bottom_title -- put title at the bottom of the plot |
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406 mplot -- multiplot version of plot |
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407 multiplot -- switch multiple-plot mode on or off |
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408 oneplot -- return to one plot per page |
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409 plot_border -- put a border around plots |
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410 subplot -- position multiple plots on a single page |
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411 subwindow -- set subwindow position for next plot |
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412 top_title -- put title at the top of the plot |
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413 zlabel -- put a label on the z-axis |
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414 |
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415 * New string functions |
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416 |
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417 bin2dec -- convert a string of ones and zeros to an integer |
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418 blanks -- create a string of blanks |
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419 deblank -- delete trailing blanks |
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420 dec2bin -- convert an integer to a string of ones and zeros |
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421 dec2hex -- convert an integer to a hexadecimal string |
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422 findstr -- locate occurrences of one string in another |
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423 hex2dec -- convert a hexadecimal string to an integer |
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424 index -- return position of first occurrence a string in another |
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425 rindex -- return position of last occurrence a string in another |
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426 split -- divide one string into pieces separated by another |
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427 str2mat -- create a string matrix from a list of strings |
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428 strrep -- replace substrings in a string |
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429 substr -- extract a substring |
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430 |
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431 The following functions return a matrix of ones and zeros. |
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432 Elements that are nonzero indicate that the condition was true for |
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433 the corresponding character in the string array. |
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434 |
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435 isalnum -- letter or a digit |
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436 isalpha -- letter |
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437 isascii -- ascii |
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438 iscntrl -- control character |
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439 isdigit -- digit |
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440 isgraph -- printable (but not space character) |
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441 islower -- lower case |
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442 isprint -- printable (including space character) |
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443 ispunct -- punctuation |
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444 isspace -- whitespace |
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445 isupper -- upper case |
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446 isxdigit -- hexadecimal digit |
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447 |
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448 These functions return new strings. |
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449 |
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2458
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450 tolower -- convert to lower case |
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451 toupper -- convert to upper case |
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2452
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452 |
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453 * New function, fgetl. Both fgetl and fgets accept an optional |
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454 second argument that specifies a maximum number of characters to |
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455 read, and the function fgets is now compatible with Matlab. |
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456 |
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457 * Printing in hexadecimal format now works (format hex). It is also |
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458 possible to print the internal bit representation of a value |
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459 (format bit). Note that these formats are only implemented for |
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460 numeric values. |
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461 |
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462 * Additional structure features: |
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463 |
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464 -- Name completion now works for structures. |
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465 |
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466 -- Values and names of structure elements are now printed by |
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467 default. The new built-in variable `struct_levels_to_print' |
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468 controls the depth of nested structures to print. The default |
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469 value is 2. |
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470 |
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471 -- New functions: |
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472 |
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473 struct_contains (S, NAME) -- returns 1 if S is a structure with |
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474 element NAME; otherwise returns 0. |
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475 |
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476 struct_elements (S) -- returns the names of all elements |
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477 of structure S in an array of strings. |
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478 |
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479 * New io/subprocess functions: |
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480 |
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2458
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481 fputs -- write a string to a file with no formatting |
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482 popen2 -- start a subprocess with 2-way communication |
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483 mkfifo -- create a FIFO special file |
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484 popen -- open a pipe to a subprocess |
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485 pclose -- close a pipe from a subprocess |
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486 waitpid -- check the status of or wait for subprocesses |
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2452
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487 |
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488 * New time functions: |
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489 |
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2458
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490 asctime -- format time structure according to local format |
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491 ctime -- equivalent to `asctime (localtime (TMSTRUCT))' |
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492 gmtime -- return time structure corresponding to UTC |
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493 localtime -- return time structure corresponding to local time zone |
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494 strftime -- print given time structure using specified format |
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495 time -- return current time |
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2452
|
496 |
|
|
497 The `clock' and `date' functions are now implemented in M-files |
|
|
498 using these basic functions. |
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|
499 |
|
|
500 * Access to additional Unix system calls: |
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|
501 |
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|
502 dup2 -- duplicate a file descriptor |
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|
503 exec -- replace current process with a new process |
|
|
504 fcntl -- control open file descriptors |
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|
505 fork -- create a copy of the current process |
|
|
506 getpgrp -- return the process group id of the current process |
|
|
507 getpid -- return the process id of the current process |
|
|
508 getppid -- return the process id of the parent process |
|
2475
|
509 getuid -- return the real user id of the current process |
|
|
510 getgid -- return the real group id of the current process |
|
|
511 geteuid -- return the effective user id of the current process |
|
|
512 getegid -- return the effective group id of the current process |
|
2452
|
513 pipe -- create an interprocess channel |
|
|
514 |
|
|
515 * Other new functions: |
|
|
516 |
|
2554
|
517 commutation_matrix -- compute special matrix form |
|
|
518 duplication_matrix -- compute special matrix form |
|
|
519 common_size.m -- bring arguments to a common size |
|
|
520 completion_matches -- perform command completion on string |
|
2458
|
521 tilde_expand -- perform tilde expansion on string |
|
2554
|
522 |
|
|
523 meshgrid -- compatible with Matlab's meshgrid function |
|
|
524 tmpnam -- replaces octave_tmp_file_name |
|
|
525 atexit -- register functions to be called when Octave exits |
|
|
526 putenv -- define an environment variable |
|
|
527 bincoeff -- compute binomial coefficients |
|
|
528 nextpow2 -- compute the next power of 2 greater than a number |
|
|
529 detrend -- remove a best fit polynomial from data |
|
|
530 erfinv -- inverse error function |
|
|
531 shift -- perform a circular shift on the elements of a matrix |
|
|
532 pow2 -- compute 2 .^ x |
|
|
533 log2 -- compute base 2 logarithms |
|
|
534 diff -- compute differences of matrix elements |
|
|
535 vech -- stack columns of a matrix below the diagonal |
|
|
536 vec -- stack columns of a matrix to form a vector |
|
|
537 xor -- compute exclusive or |
|
2452
|
538 |
|
2459
|
539 * Functions for getting info from the password database on Unix systems: |
|
|
540 |
|
|
541 getpwent -- read entry from password-file stream, opening if necessary |
|
|
542 getpwuid -- search for password entry with matching user ID |
|
|
543 getpwnam -- search for password entry with matching username |
|
|
544 setpwent -- rewind the password-file stream |
|
|
545 endpwent -- close the password-file stream |
|
|
546 |
|
2484
|
547 * Functions for getting info from the group database on Unix systems: |
|
|
548 |
|
|
549 getgrent -- read entry from group-file stream, opening if necessary |
|
|
550 getgrgid -- search for group entry with matching group ID |
|
|
551 getgrnam -- search for group entry with matching group name |
|
|
552 setgrent -- rewind the pgroup-file stream |
|
|
553 endgrent -- close the group-file stream |
|
|
554 |
|
2452
|
555 * The New function octave_config_info returns a structure containing |
|
|
556 information about how Octave was configured and compiled. |
|
|
557 |
|
|
558 * New function getrusage returns a structure containing system |
|
|
559 resource usage statistics. The `cputime' function is now defined |
|
|
560 in an M-file using getrusage. |
|
|
561 |
|
|
562 * The info reader is now a separate binary that runs as a |
|
|
563 subprocess. You still need the info reader distributed with |
|
|
564 Octave though, because there are some new command-line arguments |
|
|
565 that are not yet available in the public release of Info. |
|
|
566 |
|
|
567 * There is a new built-in variable, INFO_PROGRAM, which is used as |
|
|
568 the name of the info program to run. Its initial value is |
|
|
569 $OCTAVE_HOME/lib/octave/VERSION/exec/ARCH/info, but that value can |
|
|
570 be overridden by the environment variable OCTAVE_INFO_PROGRAM, or |
|
|
571 the command line argument --info-program NAME, or by setting the |
|
|
572 value of INFO_PROGRAM in a startup script. |
|
|
573 |
|
|
574 * There is a new built-in variable, EXEC_PATH, which is used as |
|
|
575 the list of directories to search when executing subprograms. Its |
|
|
576 initial value is taken from the environment variable |
|
|
577 OCTAVE_EXEC_PATH (if it exists) or PATH, but that value can be |
|
|
578 overridden by the the command line argument --exec-path PATH, or |
|
|
579 by setting the value of EXEC_PATH in a startup script. If the |
|
|
580 EXEC_PATH begins (ends) with a colon, the directories |
|
|
581 $OCTAVE_HOME/lib/octave/VERSION/exec/ARCH and $OCTAVE_HOME/bin are |
|
|
582 prepended (appended) to EXEC_PATH (if you don't specify a value |
|
|
583 for EXEC_PATH explicitly, these special directories are prepended |
|
|
584 to your PATH). |
|
|
585 |
|
|
586 * If it is present, Octave will now use an `ls-R' database file to |
|
|
587 speed up recursive path searching. Octave looks for a file called |
|
|
588 ls-R in the directory specified by the environment variable |
|
|
589 OCTAVE_DB_DIR. If that is not set but the environment variable |
|
|
590 OCTAVE_HOME is set, Octave looks in $OCTAVE_HOME/lib/octave. |
|
|
591 Otherwise, Octave looks in the directory $datadir/octave (normally |
|
|
592 /usr/local/lib/octave). |
|
|
593 |
|
|
594 * New examples directory. |
|
|
595 |
|
|
596 * There is a new script, mkoctfile, that can be used to create .oct |
|
|
597 files suitable for dynamic linking. |
|
|
598 |
|
|
599 * Many more bug fixes. |
|
|
600 |
|
|
601 * ChangeLogs are now kept in each subdirectory. |
|
|
602 |
|
|
603 See NEWS.1 for old news. |
