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author | Jaroslav Hajek <highegg@gmail.com> |
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date | Thu, 14 Jan 2010 13:50:51 +0100 |
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9352 | 1 Summary of important user-visible changes for version 3.3: |
2 --------------------------------------------------------- | |
3 | |
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4 ** BLAS and LAPACK libraries are now required to build Octave. The |
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5 subset of the reference BLAS and LAPACK libraries has been removed |
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6 from the Octave sources. |
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7 |
9352 | 8 ** The `lookup' function was extended to be more useful for general-purpose |
9 binary searching. Using this improvement, the ismember function was | |
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10 rewritten for significantly better performance. |
9352 | 11 |
12 ** Real, integer and logical matrices, when used in indexing, will now | |
13 cache the internal index_vector value (zero-based indices) when | |
14 successfully used as indices, eliminating the conversion penalty for | |
15 subsequent indexing by the same matrix. In particular, this means it is | |
16 no longer needed to avoid repeated indexing by logical arrays using | |
17 `find' for performance reasons. | |
18 | |
9888 | 19 ** Logical matrices are now treated more efficiently when used as indices. |
20 Octave will keep the index as a logical mask unless the ratio of true | |
21 elements is small enough, using a specialized code. Previously, all logical | |
22 matrices were always first converted to index vectors. This results in | |
23 savings in both memory and computing time. | |
24 | |
9480 | 25 ** sub2ind and ind2sub were reimplemented as compiled functions for better |
26 performance. These functions are now faster, can deliver more economized | |
27 results for ranges, and can reuse the index cache mechanism described in | |
28 previous paragraph. | |
29 | |
9449 | 30 ** The built-in function equivalents to associative operators (plus, times, |
31 mtimes, and, or) have been extended to accept multiple arguments. This | |
32 is especially useful for summing (multiplying, etc.) lists of objects | |
33 (of possibly distinct types): | |
9408 | 34 |
9449 | 35 matrix_sum = plus (matrix_list{:}); |
36 | |
9880 | 37 ** An FTP object type based on libcurl has been implemented. These objects |
38 allow ftp connections, downloads and uploads to be managed. An example of | |
39 its use might be | |
40 | |
41 fp = ftp ("ftp.octave.org); | |
42 cd (fp, "gnu/octave"); | |
43 mget (fp, "octave-3.2.3.tar.bz2"); | |
44 close (fp); | |
45 | |
9449 | 46 ** The default behavior of assert (observed, expected) has been relaxed |
47 to employ less strict checking that does not require the internals | |
48 of the values to match. This avoids previously valid tests from | |
49 breaking due to new internal classes introduced in future Octave | |
50 versions. | |
51 | |
52 For instance, all of these assertions were true in Octave 3.0.x | |
53 but false in 3.2.x due to new optimizations and improvements: | |
54 | |
55 assert (2*linspace (1, 5, 5), 2*(1:5)) | |
56 assert (zeros (0, 0), []) | |
57 assert (2*ones (1, 5), (2) (ones (1,5))) | |
9462 | 58 |
9873 | 59 ** The behavior of library functions ismatrix, issquare and issymmetric has |
60 been changed for better consistency. | |
61 | |
62 * ismatrix now returns true for all numeric and logical 2d or Nd matrices. | |
63 Previously, ismatrix returned false if the first or second dimension was | |
64 zero. Hence, `ismatrix ([])' was false, while `ismatrix (zeros (1,2,0))' | |
65 was true. | |
66 | |
67 * issquare now returns a logical scalar, and is equivalent to the expression | |
68 `ismatrix (x) && ndims (x) == 2 && rows (x) == columns (x)'. The dimension | |
69 is no longer returned. As a result, `issquare ([])' now yields true. | |
70 | |
71 * issymmetric now checks for symmetry instead of hermitianness. For the latter, | |
72 ishermitian was created. Also, logical scalar is returned rather than the | |
73 dimension, so `issymmetric ([])' is now true. | |
74 | |
75 | |
9462 | 76 ** Function handles are now aware of overloaded functions. If a function |
77 is overloaded, the handle determines at the time of its reference which | |
78 function to call. A non-overloaded version does not need to exist. | |
9408 | 79 |
10109 | 80 ** Overloading functions for built-in classes (double, int8, cell etc) is now |
81 compatible with Matlab. | |
82 | |
9547 | 83 ** The operation-assignment operators +=, -=, *= and /= now behave more |
84 efficiently in certain cases. For instance, if m is a matrix and s | |
85 a scalar, then the statement | |
86 | |
87 m += s; | |
88 | |
89 will operate on m's data in-place if it is not shared by another variable, | |
90 usually increasing both time and memory efficiency. | |
91 | |
9558 | 92 Only selected common combinations are affected, namely: |
9547 | 93 |
94 matrix += matrix | |
95 matrix -= matrix | |
9558 | 96 matrix .*= matrix |
97 matrix ./= matrix | |
98 | |
9547 | 99 matrix += scalar |
100 matrix -= scalar | |
101 matrix *= scalar | |
102 matrix /= scalar | |
9558 | 103 |
9552 | 104 logical matrix |= logical matrix |
105 logical matrix &= logical matrix | |
9547 | 106 |
9888 | 107 where matrix and scalar belong to the same class. The left-hand side must be |
108 a simple variable reference. | |
109 | |
110 Moreover, when unary operators occur in expressions, Octave will also try to do | |
111 the operation in-place if it's argument is a temporary expresssion. | |
9589 | 112 |
113 ** The effect of comparison operators (<,>,<=,>=) when applied to complex numbers | |
114 has changed to be consistent with the strict ordering defined by max, min and sort. | |
115 More specifically, complex numbers are compared by lexicographical comparison of | |
116 the pairs [abs(z), arg(z)]. Previously, only real parts were compared; this can be | |
117 trivially achieved by wrapping the operands in real(). | |
9547 | 118 |
9826 | 119 ** The automatic simplification of complex computation results has changed. Octave will |
120 now simplify any complex number with a zero imaginary part or any complex matrix | |
121 with all elements having zero imaginary part to a real value. Previously, this was done | |
122 only for positive zeros. | |
123 Note that the behavior of the `complex' function is unchanged and it still | |
124 produces a complex value even if the imaginary part is zero. | |
125 | |
9595 | 126 ** As a side effect of code refactoring in liboctave, the binary logical operations |
127 are now more easily amenable to compiler optimizations and are thus significantly | |
128 faster. | |
129 | |
130 ** Octave now allows user-defined subsasgn methods to optimize out redundant copies. | |
131 For more information, see the manual. | |
132 | |
9664 | 133 ** More efficient matrix division handling. Octave is now able to handle the expressions |
134 | |
135 M' \ v | |
136 M.' \ v | |
137 v / M | |
138 | |
139 (M is a matrix and v is a vector) more efficiently in certain cases. | |
140 In particular, if M is triangular, all three expressions will be handled by a single call to | |
141 xTRTRS, with appropriate flags. Previously, all three expressions required a physical transpose | |
142 of M. | |
143 | |
144 ** More efficient handling of certain mixed real-complex matrix operations. | |
145 For instance, if RM is a real matrix and CM a complex matrix, | |
146 | |
147 RM * CM | |
148 | |
149 can now be evaluated either as | |
150 | |
151 complex (RM * real (CM), RM * imag (CM)) | |
152 | |
153 or as | |
154 | |
155 complex (RM) * CM, | |
156 | |
157 depending on the dimensions. The 1st form requires more temporaries and copying, | |
158 but halves the count of FLOPs, which normally brings better performance if | |
159 RM has enough rows. Previously, the 2nd form was always used. | |
160 | |
161 Matrix division is similarly affected. | |
162 | |
9717 | 163 ** More efficient handling of triangular matrix factors returned from factorizations. |
164 The functions for computing QR, LU and Cholesky factorizations will now automatically | |
165 return the triangular matrix factors with proper internal matrix_type set, so that it | |
166 won't need to be computed when the matrix is used for division. | |
167 | |
9722 | 168 ** The built-in "sum" function now handles the non-native summation (i.e. double precision |
169 sum of single or integer inputs) more efficiently, avoiding a temporary conversion of | |
170 the whole input array to doubles. Further, "sum" can now accept an "extra" option argument, | |
171 using a compensated summation algorithm rather than a straightforward sum, which significantly | |
172 improves precision if lots of cancellation occurs in the summation. | |
9717 | 173 |
9745 | 174 ** The built-in "bsxfun" function now uses optimized code for certain cases where built-in |
175 operator handles are passed in. Namely, the optimizations concern the operators | |
9830 | 176 plus, minus, times, ldivide, rdivide, power, and, or (for logical arrays), the relational |
9745 | 177 operators eq, ne, lt, le, gt, ge, and the functions min and max. |
9830 | 178 Optimizations only apply when both operands are of the same built-in class. Mixed real/complex |
179 and single/double operations will first convert both operands to a common type. | |
9745 | 180 |
10054 | 181 ** "strfind" and "strrep" now have compiled implementations, facilitating significantly |
182 more efficient searching and replacing in strings, especially with longer patterns. | |
183 The code of "strcat" has been vectorized and is now much more efficient | |
10109 | 184 when lots of strings are concatenated. "strcmpi" and "strncmpi" are now built-in functions, |
185 providing better performance. | |
10054 | 186 |
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187 Summary of important user-visible changes for version 3.2: |
5913 | 188 --------------------------------------------------------- |
2452 | 189 |
8737 | 190 ** Compatibility with Matlab graphics has been improved. |
6329 | 191 |
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192 The hggroup object and associated listener callback functions have |
8737 | 193 been added allowing the inclusion of group objects. Data sources |
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194 have been added to these group objects such that |
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195 |
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196 x = 0:0.1:10; |
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197 y = sin (x); |
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198 plot (x, y, "ydatasource", "y"); |
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199 for i = 1 : 100 |
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200 pause(0.1) |
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201 y = sin (x + 0.1 * i); |
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202 refreshdata(); |
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203 endfor |
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204 |
8737 | 205 works as expected. This capability has be used to introduce |
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206 stem-series, bar-series, etc., objects for better Matlab |
8737 | 207 compatibility. |
208 | |
209 ** New graphics functions: | |
210 | |
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211 addlistener ezcontour gcbo refresh |
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212 addproperty ezcontourf ginput refreshdata |
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213 allchild ezmesh gtext specular |
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214 available_backends ezmeshc intwarning surfl |
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215 backend ezplot ishghandle trisurf |
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216 cla ezplot3 isocolors waitforbuttonpress |
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217 clabel ezpolar isonormals |
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218 comet ezsurf isosurface |
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219 dellistener findall linkprop |
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220 diffuse gcbf plotmatrix |
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221 |
8737 | 222 ** New experimental OpenGL/FLTK based plotting system. |
223 | |
224 An experimental plotting system based on OpenGL and the FLTK | |
225 toolkit is now part of Octave. This backend is disabled by | |
226 default. You can switch to using it with the command | |
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227 |
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228 backend ("fltk") |
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229 |
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230 for all future figures or for a particular figure with the command |
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231 |
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232 backend (h, "fltk") |
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233 |
8737 | 234 where "h" is a valid figure handle. Please note that this backend |
235 does not yet support text objects. Obviously, this is a necessary | |
236 feature before it can be considered usable. We are looking for | |
237 volunteers to help implement this missing feature. | |
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238 |
8737 | 239 ** Functions providing direct access to gnuplot have been removed. |
240 | |
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241 The functions __gnuplot_plot__, __gnuplot_set__, __gnuplot_raw__, |
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242 __gnuplot_show__, __gnuplot_replot__, __gnuplot_splot__, |
8737 | 243 __gnuplot_save_data__ and __gnuplot_send_inline_data__ have been |
244 removed from Octave. These function were incompatible with the | |
245 high level graphics handle code. | |
6329 | 246 |
8885 | 247 ** The Control, Finance and Quaternion functions have been removed. |
248 | |
249 These functions are now available as separate packages from | |
250 | |
251 http://octave.sourceforge.net/packages.html | |
252 | |
253 and can be reinstalled using the Octave package manager (see | |
254 the pkg function). | |
255 | |
256 ** Specific sparse matrix functions removed. | |
257 | |
258 The following functions, which handled only sparse matrices have | |
259 been removed. Instead of calling these functions directly, you | |
260 should use the corresponding function without the "sp" prefix. | |
8737 | 261 |
8885 | 262 spatan2 spcumsum spkron spprod |
263 spchol spdet splchol spqr | |
264 spchol2inv spdiag splu spsum | |
265 spcholinv spfind spmax spsumsqk | |
266 spcumprod spinv spmin | |
267 | |
268 ** Improvements to the debugger. | |
269 | |
270 The interactive debugging features have been improved. Stopping | |
271 on statements with dbstop should work correctly now. Stepping | |
272 into and over functions, and stepping one statement at a time | |
273 (with dbstep) now works. Moving up and down the call stack with | |
274 dbup and dbdown now works. The dbstack function is now available | |
275 to print the current function call stack. The new dbquit function | |
276 is available to exit the debugging mode. | |
277 | |
278 ** Improved traceback error messages. | |
279 | |
280 Traceback error messages are much more concise and easier to | |
281 understand. They now display information about the function call | |
282 stack instead of the stack of all statements that were active at | |
283 the point of the error. | |
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284 |
8737 | 285 ** Object Oriented Programming. |
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286 |
8737 | 287 Octave now includes OOP features and the user can create their own |
288 class objects and overloaded functions and operators. For | |
289 example, all methods of a class called "myclass" will be found in | |
290 a directory "@myclass" on the users path. The class specific | |
291 versions of functions and operators take precedence over the | |
292 generic versions of these functions. | |
293 | |
294 New functions related to OOP include | |
7189 | 295 |
8737 | 296 class inferiorto isobject loadobj methods superiorto |
297 | |
298 See the Octave manual for more details. | |
7038 | 299 |
8747 | 300 ** Parsing of Command-style Functions. |
301 | |
302 Octave now parses command-style functions without needing to first | |
303 declare them with "mark_as_command". The rules for recognizing a | |
304 command-style function calls are | |
305 | |
306 * A command must appear as the first word in a statement, | |
307 followed by a space. | |
308 | |
309 * The first character after the space must not be '=' or '(' | |
310 | |
311 * The next token after the space must not look like a binary | |
312 operator. | |
313 | |
314 These rules should be mostly compatible with the way Matlab parses | |
315 command-style function calls and allow users to define commands in | |
316 .m files without having to mark them as commands. | |
317 | |
318 Note that previous versions of Octave allowed expressions like | |
319 | |
320 x = load -text foo.dat | |
321 | |
322 but an expression like this will now generate a parse error. In | |
323 order to assign the value returned by a function to a variable, | |
324 you must use the normal function call syntax: | |
325 | |
326 x = load ("-text", "foo.dat"); | |
327 | |
8737 | 328 ** Block comments. |
329 | |
8747 | 330 Commented code can be between matching "#{" and "#}" or "%{" and |
331 "%}" markers, even if the commented code spans several line. This | |
332 allows blocks code to be commented, without needing to comment | |
333 each line. For example, | |
5814 | 334 |
8747 | 335 function [s, t] = func (x, y) |
336 s = 2 * x; | |
337 #{ | |
338 s *= y; | |
339 t = y + x; | |
340 #} | |
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341 endfunction |
5814 | 342 |
8747 | 343 the lines "s *= y;" and "t = y + x" will not be executed. |
8737 | 344 |
345 ** Special treatment in the parser of expressions like "a' * b". | |
2452 | 346 |
8737 | 347 In these cases the transpose is no longer explicitly formed and |
348 BLAS libraries are called with the transpose flagged, | |
349 significantly improving performance for these kinds of | |
350 operations. | |
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351 |
8737 | 352 ** Single Precision data type. |
2452 | 353 |
8737 | 354 Octave now includes a single precision data type. Single |
355 precision variables can be created with the "single" command, or | |
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356 from functions like ones, eye, etc. For example, |
5995 | 357 |
8737 | 358 single (1) |
359 ones (2, 2, "single") | |
360 zeros (2, 2, "single") | |
361 eye (2, 2, "single") | |
362 Inf (2, 2, "single") | |
363 NaN (2, 2, "single") | |
364 NA (2, 2, "single") | |
7279 | 365 |
8737 | 366 all create single precision variables. For compatibility with |
367 Matlab, mixed double/single precision operators and functions | |
368 return single precision types. | |
369 | |
370 As a consequence of this addition to Octave the internal | |
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371 representation of the double precision NA value has changed, and |
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372 so users that make use of data generated by Octave with R or |
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373 visa-versa are warned that compatibility might not be assured. |
7279 | 374 |
8737 | 375 ** Improved array indexing. |
376 | |
377 The underlying code used for indexing of arrays has been | |
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378 completely rewritten and indexing is now significantly faster. |
8737 | 379 |
8755 | 380 ** Improved memory management. |
381 | |
382 Octave will now attempt to share data in some cases where previously | |
383 a copy would be made, such as certain array slicing operations or | |
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384 conversions between cells, structs and cs-lists. This usually reduces |
8755 | 385 both time and memory consumption. |
9128 | 386 Also, Octave will now attempt to detect and optimize usage of a vector |
387 as a stack, when elements are being repeatedly inserted at/removed from | |
388 the end of the vector. | |
8755 | 389 |
8738 | 390 ** Improved performance for reduction operations. |
391 | |
8755 | 392 The performance of the sum, prod, sumsq, cumsum, cumprod, any, all, |
393 max and min functions has been significantly improved. | |
8738 | 394 |
9006 | 395 ** Sorting and searching. |
396 | |
397 The performance of sort has been improved, especially when sorting | |
398 indices are requested. An efficient built-in issorted implementation | |
399 was added. sortrows now uses a more efficient algorithm, especially | |
400 in the homegeneous case. lookup is now a built-in function performing | |
401 a binary search, optimized for long runs of close elements. Lookup | |
402 also works with cell arrays of strings. | |
403 | |
404 ** Range arithmetics | |
405 | |
406 For some operations on ranges, Octave will attempt to keep the result as a | |
407 range. These include negation, adding a scalar, subtracting a scalar, and | |
408 multiplying by a scalar. Ranges with zero increment are allowed and can be | |
409 constructed using the built-in function `ones'. | |
410 | |
411 ** Various performance improvements. | |
412 | |
413 Performance of a number of other built-in operations and functions was | |
414 improved, including: | |
415 | |
416 * logical operations | |
417 * comparison operators | |
418 * element-wise power | |
419 * accumarray | |
420 * cellfun | |
421 * isnan | |
422 * isinf | |
423 * isfinite | |
424 * nchoosek | |
425 * repmat | |
426 * strcmp | |
427 | |
8737 | 428 ** 64-bit integer arithmetic. |
429 | |
430 Arithmetic with 64-bit integers (int64 and uint64 types) is fully | |
431 supported, with saturation semantics like the other integer types. | |
432 Performance of most integer arithmetic operations has been | |
433 improved by using integer arithmetic directly. Previously, Octave | |
434 performed integer math with saturation semantics by converting the | |
435 operands to double precision, performing the operation, and then | |
436 converting the result back to an integer value, truncating if | |
437 necessary. | |
438 | |
8885 | 439 ** Diagonal and permutation matrices. |
440 | |
441 The interpreter can now treat diagonal and permutation matrices as | |
442 special objects that store only the non-zero elements, rather than | |
443 general full matrices. Therefore, it is now possible to construct | |
444 and use these matrices in linear algebra without suffering a | |
445 performance penalty due to storing large numbers of zero elements. | |
446 | |
447 ** Improvements to fsolve. | |
448 | |
449 The fsolve function now accepts an option structure argument (see | |
450 also the optimset function). The INFO values returned from fsolve | |
451 have changed to be compatible with Matlab's fsolve function. | |
452 Additionally, fsolve is now able to solve overdetermined systems, | |
453 complex-differentiable complex systems, systems with a sparse | |
454 jacobian and can work in single precision if given single precision | |
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455 inputs. It can also be called recursively. |
8885 | 456 |
8737 | 457 ** Improvements to the norm function. |
458 | |
459 The norm function is now able to compute row or column norms of a | |
460 matrix in a single call, as well as general matrix p-norms. | |
461 | |
462 ** New functions for computing some eigenvalues or singular values. | |
463 | |
464 The eigs and svds functions have been included in Octave. These | |
465 functions require the ARPACK library (now distributed under a | |
466 GPL-compatible license). | |
467 | |
468 ** New QR and Cholesky factorization updating functions. | |
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469 |
8737 | 470 choldelete cholshift qrdelete qrshift |
471 cholinsert cholupdate qrinsert qrupdate | |
472 | |
473 ** New quadrature functions. | |
474 | |
475 dblquad quadgk quadv triplequad | |
476 | |
8885 | 477 ** New functions for reading and writing images. |
478 | |
479 The imwrite and imread functions have been included in Octave. | |
480 These functions require the GraphicsMagick library. The new | |
481 function imfinfo provides information about an image file (size, | |
482 type, colors, etc.) | |
483 | |
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484 ** The input_event_hook function has been replaced by the pair of |
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485 functions add_input_event_hook and remove_input_event_hook so that |
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486 more than one hook function may be installed at a time. |
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487 |
8737 | 488 ** Other miscellaneous new functions. |
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489 |
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490 addtodate hypot reallog |
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491 bicgstab idivide realpow |
9006 | 492 cellslices info realsqrt |
493 cgs interp1q rectint | |
494 command_line_path isdebugmode regexptranslate | |
495 contrast isfloat restoredefaultpath | |
496 convn isstrprop roundb | |
497 cummin log1p rundemos | |
498 cummax lsqnonneg runlength | |
499 datetick matlabroot saveobj | |
500 display namelengthmax spaugment | |
501 expm1 nargoutchk strchr | |
502 filemarker pathdef strvcat | |
503 fstat perl subspace | |
504 full prctile symvar | |
505 fzero quantile treelayout | |
506 genvarname re_read_readline_init_file validatestring | |
507 histc | |
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508 |
8885 | 509 ** Changes to strcat. |
510 | |
511 The strcat function is now compatible with Matlab's strcat | |
512 function, which removes trailing whitespace when concatenating | |
513 character strings. For example | |
514 | |
515 strcat ('foo ', 'bar') | |
516 ==> 'foobar' | |
517 | |
518 The new function cstrcat provides the previous behavior of | |
519 Octave's strcat. | |
520 | |
521 ** Improvements to the help functions. | |
522 | |
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523 The help system has been mostly re-implemented in .m files to make |
8885 | 524 it easier to modify. Performance of the lookfor function has been |
525 greatly improved by caching the help text from all functions that | |
526 are distributed with Octave. The pkg function has been modified | |
527 to generate cache files for external packages when they are | |
528 installed. | |
529 | |
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530 ** Deprecated functions. |
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531 |
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532 The following functions were deprecated in Octave 3.0 and will be |
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533 removed in Octave 3.4 (or whatever version is the second major |
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534 release after 3.0): |
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535 |
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536 beta_cdf geometric_pdf pascal_pdf |
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537 beta_inv geometric_rnd pascal_rnd |
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538 beta_pdf hypergeometric_cdf poisson_cdf |
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539 beta_rnd hypergeometric_inv poisson_inv |
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540 binomial_cdf hypergeometric_pdf poisson_pdf |
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541 binomial_inv hypergeometric_rnd poisson_rnd |
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542 binomial_pdf intersection polyinteg |
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543 binomial_rnd is_bool setstr |
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544 chisquare_cdf is_complex struct_contains |
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545 chisquare_inv is_list struct_elements |
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546 chisquare_pdf is_matrix t_cdf |
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547 chisquare_rnd is_scalar t_inv |
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548 clearplot is_square t_pdf |
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549 clg is_stream t_rnd |
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550 com2str is_struct uniform_cdf |
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551 exponential_cdf is_symmetric uniform_inv |
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552 exponential_inv is_vector uniform_pdf |
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553 exponential_pdf isstr uniform_rnd |
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554 exponential_rnd lognormal_cdf weibcdf |
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555 f_cdf lognormal_inv weibinv |
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556 f_inv lognormal_pdf weibpdf |
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557 f_pdf lognormal_rnd weibrnd |
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558 f_rnd meshdom weibull_cdf |
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559 gamma_cdf normal_cdf weibull_inv |
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560 gamma_inv normal_inv weibull_pdf |
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561 gamma_pdf normal_pdf weibull_rnd |
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562 gamma_rnd normal_rnd wiener_rnd |
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563 geometric_cdf pascal_cdf |
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564 geometric_inv pascal_inv |
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565 |
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566 The following functions are now deprecated in Octave 3.2 and will |
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567 be removed in Octave 3.6 (or whatever version is the second major |
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568 release after 3.2): |
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569 |
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570 create_set spcholinv spmax |
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571 dmult spcumprod spmin |
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572 iscommand spcumsum spprod |
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573 israwcommand spdet spqr |
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574 lchol spdiag spsum |
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575 loadimage spfind spsumsq |
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576 mark_as_command spinv str2mat |
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577 mark_as_rawcommand spkron unmark_command |
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578 spatan2 splchol unmark_rawcommand |
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579 spchol split |
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580 spchol2inv splu |
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581 |
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582 See NEWS.3 for old news. |